ὕω

See also: Appendix:Variations of "yo"

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ew-. Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (suhhai, “to pour out”) and Tocharian B [Term?] (suwaṃ, “to rain”). Possibly related to Ὑάς (Huás).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hy̌ː.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)y.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈy.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈy.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.o/

Verb

ῡ̔́ω • (hū́ō)

I rain
- 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 368
- 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1118
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Herodas, Collected Works 7.46
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.13
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 488
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.25
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.457
- 161 CE – 180 CE, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 5.7
- 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 26
1. (with accusative of place) I rain on
  - 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 2.1115
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.151
  - 110 CE – 180 CE, Pausianas Periegeta, Description of Greece 2.29.7
2. (with cognate accusative)
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1280
  - 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, A True Story 2.14
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 7.50
3. (with dative of mode)
  - 250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 8.333a
(passive) I am drenched with rain
- 375 BCE – 275 BCE, Alexis 62.8
- 519 BCE – 422 BCE, Cratinus, Collected Works 52
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.193
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.13
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.10
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.131
- 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 8.11.4
(passive) I fall as rain
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.912a
- 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 14.2.10

Conjugation

Present: ὕω, ὕομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὕω	ὕεις	ὕει	ὕετον	ὕετον	ὕομεν	ὕετε	ὕουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ὕω	ὕῃς	ὕῃ	ὕητον	ὕητον	ὕωμεν	ὕητε	ὕωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὕοιμῐ	ὕοις	ὕοι	ὕοιτον	ὑοίτην	ὕοιμεν	ὕοιτε	ὕοιεν
	imperative		ὗε	ὑέτω	ὕετον	ὑέτων		ὕετε	ὑόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ὕομαι	ὕῃ, ὕει	ὕεται	ὕεσθον	ὕεσθον	ὑόμεθᾰ	ὕεσθε	ὕονται
	subjunctive	ὕωμαι	ὕῃ	ὕηται	ὕησθον	ὕησθον	ὑώμεθᾰ	ὕησθε	ὕωνται
	optative	ὑοίμην	ὕοιο	ὕοιτο	ὕοισθον	ὑοίσθην	ὑοίμεθᾰ	ὕοισθε	ὕοιντο
	imperative		ὕου	ὑέσθω	ὕεσθον	ὑέσθων		ὕεσθε	ὑέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ὕειν				ὕεσθαι
participle	m	ὕων				ὑόμενος
	f	ὕουσᾰ				ὑομένη
	n	ὗον				ὑόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ὗον, ὑόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὗον	ὗες	ὗε(ν)	ὕετον	ὑέτην	ὕομεν	ὕετε	ὗον
middle/ passive	indicative	ὑόμην	ὕου	ὕετο	ὕεσθον	ὑέσθην	ὑόμεθᾰ	ὕεσθε	ὕοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ὕσω, ὕσομαι, ὑσθήσομαι (middle in passive sense)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὕσω	ὕσεις	ὕσει	ὕσετον	ὕσετον	ὕσομεν	ὕσετε	ὕσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ὕσοιμῐ	ὕσοις	ὕσοι	ὕσοιτον	ὑσοίτην	ὕσοιμεν	ὕσοιτε	ὕσοιεν
middle	indicative	ὕσομαι	ὕσῃ, ὕσει	ὕσεται	ὕσεσθον	ὕσεσθον	ὑσόμεθᾰ	ὕσεσθε	ὕσονται
middle	optative	ὑσοίμην	ὕσοιο	ὕσοιτο	ὕσοισθον	ὑσοίσθην	ὑσοίμεθᾰ	ὕσοισθε	ὕσοιντο
passive	indicative	ὑσθήσομαι	ὑσθήσῃ	ὑσθήσεται	ὑσθήσεσθον	ὑσθήσεσθον	ὑσθησόμεθᾰ	ὑσθήσεσθε	ὑσθήσονται
passive	optative	ὑσθησοίμην	ὑσθήσοιο	ὑσθήσοιτο	ὑσθήσοισθον	ὑσθησοίσθην	ὑσθησοίμεθᾰ	ὑσθήσοισθε	ὑσθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ὕσειν			ὕσεσθαι		ὑσθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ὕσων			ὑσόμενος		ὑσθησόμενος
	f	ὕσουσᾰ			ὑσομένη		ὑσθησομένη
	n	ὗσον			ὑσόμενον		ὑσθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ὗσᾰ, ὑσᾰ́μην, ὕσθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὗσᾰ	ὗσᾰς	ὗσε(ν)	ὕσᾰτον	ὑσᾰ́την	ὕσᾰμεν	ὕσᾰτε	ὗσᾰν
	subjunctive	ὕσω	ὕσῃς	ὕσῃ	ὕσητον	ὕσητον	ὕσωμεν	ὕσητε	ὕσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὕσαιμῐ	ὕσειᾰς, ὕσαις	ὕσειε(ν), ὕσαι	ὕσαιτον	ὑσαίτην	ὕσαιμεν	ὕσαιτε	ὕσειᾰν, ὕσαιεν
	imperative		ὗσον	ὑσᾰ́τω	ὕσᾰτον	ὑσᾰ́των		ὕσᾰτε	ὑσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ὑσᾰ́μην	ὕσω	ὕσᾰτο	ὕσᾰσθον	ὑσᾰ́σθην	ὑσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ὕσᾰσθε	ὕσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ὕσωμαι	ὕσῃ	ὕσηται	ὕσησθον	ὕσησθον	ὑσώμεθᾰ	ὕσησθε	ὕσωνται
	optative	ὑσαίμην	ὕσαιο	ὕσαιτο	ὕσαισθον	ὑσαίσθην	ὑσαίμεθᾰ	ὕσαισθε	ὕσαιντο
	imperative		ὗσαι	ὑσᾰ́σθω	ὕσᾰσθον	ὑσᾰ́σθων		ὕσᾰσθε	ὑσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ὕσθην	ὕσθης	ὕσθη	ὕσθητον	ὑσθήτην	ὕσθημεν	ὕσθητε	ὕσθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ὑσθῶ	ὑσθῇς	ὑσθῇ	ὑσθῆτον	ὑσθῆτον	ὑσθῶμεν	ὑσθῆτε	ὑσθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὑσθείην	ὑσθείης	ὑσθείη	ὑσθεῖτον, ὑσθείητον	ὑσθείτην, ὑσθειήτην	ὑσθεῖμεν, ὑσθείημεν	ὑσθεῖτε, ὑσθείητε	ὑσθεῖεν, ὑσθείησᾰν
	imperative		ὕσθητῐ	ὑσθήτω	ὕσθητον	ὑσθήτων		ὕσθητε	ὑσθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ὗσαι			ὕσᾰσθαι		ὑσθῆναι
participle	m	ὕσᾱς			ὑσᾰ́μενος		ὑσθείς
	f	ὕσᾱσᾰ			ὑσᾰμένη		ὑσθεῖσᾰ
	n	ὗσᾰν			ὑσᾰ́μενον		ὑσθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ὗσμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ὗσμαι	ὗσαι	ὗσται	ὗσθον	ὗσθον	ὕσμεθᾰ	ὗσθε	ὕσᾰται
	subjunctive	ὑσμένος ὦ	ὑσμένος ᾖς	ὑσμένος ᾖ	ὑσμένω ἦτον	ὑσμένω ἦτον	ὑσμένοι ὦμεν	ὑσμένοι ἦτε	ὑσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὑσμένος εἴην	ὑσμένος εἴης	ὑσμένος εἴη	ὑσμένοι εἴητον/εἶτον	ὑσμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ὑσμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ὑσμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ὑσμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ὗσο	ὕσθω	ὗσθον	ὕσθων		ὗσθε	ὕσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ὗσθαι
participle	m					ὑσμένος
	f					ὑσμένη
	n					ὑσμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἐφύω (ephúō)
κᾰθύομαι (kathúomai)
περιύομαι (periúomai)

Related terms

ὑετηρία (huetēría)
ὑετία (huetía)
ὑετίζω (huetízō)
ὑέτῐος (huétios)
ὑετός (huetós)

ὑετώδης (huetṓdēs)
ὗσῐς (hûsis)
ὕσμᾰ (húsma)
Ὕης (Húēs)

References

ὕω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ὕω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ὕω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ὕω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ὕω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963

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