ὕστερος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The comparative form of an unattested adjective, with the superlative of ὕστᾰτος (hústatos), maybe from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“upwards, away”), which would make it cognate with English out.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hýs.te.ros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)ys.tɛ.ros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈys.te.ros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈys.te.ros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈis.te.ros/

Adjective

ῠ̔́στερος • (hústeros) m (feminine ῠ̔στέρᾱ, neuter ῠ̔́στερον); first/second declension

latter
1. (of place) latter, coming after, behind
  - 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 1243
  - 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 1040
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 734
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.3.21
  - 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, On the Choreutes 14
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 11.5
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 503C
  - 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Lysis 206E
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.103
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 251
2. (of time) next
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.17
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.479
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 7.2.10
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.103
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.130
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 702
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 865A
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1666
  - 3rd century AD, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 7.10
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.333
  - 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 859
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 87C
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.166
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.32
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.54
  1. later, too late
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.320
    - 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 691
    - 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 69
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.90
    - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 222
    - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 92
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1312A.4
  2. (with genitive of object) too late for
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.120
    - 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 690
    - 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 1174
    - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 698E
  3. (substantive) posterity
    - 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 1225
    - 415 BCE, Euripides, The Trojan Women 13
    - 415 BCE, Euripides, The Trojan Women 1245
3. (of inferiority)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.215
  - 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 181
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.91
  - 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 746
  - 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 23
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 896C
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.41
4. (adverbial, the neuter ὕστερον is more often used than the standard ὑστέρως)
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.42
  1. (of time) later, afterwards
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.91
    - 396 BCE – 323 BCE, Lycurgus of Athens, Collected Works 61
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.319
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.27
    - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 858
    - 408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 270
    - 408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 53.4
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.171
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.8
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.64
    - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Simon 39
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.52
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 1.1.1
    - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 327C
    - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 471C
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.49
    - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 58A
    - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 415D
    - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Charmides 165A
    1. (with genitive)
      - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.113
      - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.83
      - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.18
      - 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 57
      - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.140
      - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.91
      - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.3
      - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Aegineticus 22
      - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.60
      - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.4
  2. (with prepositions)
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.126
    - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 351
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.41
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.74
    - 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1194
    - 407 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis 720
    - 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 82B
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.13
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.27
    - 100 BCE – 1 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Library 14.109
    - 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 4.73
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.108
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.106
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.85

Inflection

First and second declension of ῠ̔́στερος; ῠ̔στέρᾱ; ῠ̔́στερον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ῠ̔́στερος hústeros	ῠ̔στέρᾱ hustérā	ῠ̔́στερον hústeron	ῠ̔στέρω hustérō	ῠ̔στέρᾱ hustérā	ῠ̔στέρω hustérō	ῠ̔́στεροι hústeroi	ῠ̔́στεραι hústerai	ῠ̔́στερᾰ hústera
Genitive	ῠ̔στέρου hustérou	ῠ̔στέρᾱς hustérās	ῠ̔στέρου hustérou	ῠ̔στέροιν hustéroin	ῠ̔στέραιν hustérain	ῠ̔στέροιν hustéroin	ῠ̔στέρων hustérōn	ῠ̔στέρων hustérōn	ῠ̔στέρων hustérōn
Dative	ῠ̔στέρῳ hustérōi	ῠ̔στέρᾳ hustérāi	ῠ̔στέρῳ hustérōi	ῠ̔στέροιν hustéroin	ῠ̔στέραιν hustérain	ῠ̔στέροιν hustéroin	ῠ̔στέροις hustérois	ῠ̔στέραις hustérais	ῠ̔στέροις hustérois
Accusative	ῠ̔́στερον hústeron	ῠ̔στέρᾱν hustérān	ῠ̔́στερον hústeron	ῠ̔στέρω hustérō	ῠ̔στέρᾱ hustérā	ῠ̔στέρω hustérō	ῠ̔στέρους hustérous	ῠ̔στέρᾱς hustérās	ῠ̔́στερᾰ hústera
Vocative	ῠ̔́στερε hústere	ῠ̔στέρᾱ hustérā	ῠ̔́στερον hústeron	ῠ̔στέρω hustérō	ῠ̔στέρᾱ hustérā	ῠ̔στέρω hustérō	ῠ̔́στεροι hústeroi	ῠ̔́στεραι hústerai	ῠ̔́στερᾰ hústera
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ῠ̔́στερον hústeron			—			ὕστᾰτος hústatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

ὕστερος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ὕστερος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ὕστερος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ὕστερος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ὕστερος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ὕστερος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G5306 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- behind idem, page 71.
- behindhand idem, page 72.
- belated idem, page 72.
- below idem, page 73.
- beneath idem, page 73.
- hind idem, page 400.
- immaterial idem, page 417.
- inferior idem, page 437.
- late idem, page 478.
- later idem, page 478.
- lower idem, page 503.
- posterior idem, page 629.
- second idem, page 746.
- subsequent idem, page 832.
- succeeding idem, page 833.
- under idem, page 912.
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1103

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