ὄρθρος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ór.tʰros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈor.tʰros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈor.θros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈor.θros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈor.θros/
Noun
ὄρθρος • (órthros) f (genitive ὄρθρου); second declension
- The time immediately before or around sunrise, early morning, dawn
- (ὄρθρος βαθύς) dim morning twilight
- 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Crito 43a:
- Σωκράτης τί τηνικάδε ἀφῖξαι, ὦ Κρίτων; ἢ οὐ πρῲ ἔτι ἐστίν;
Κρίτων πάνυ μὲν οὖν.
Σωκράτης πηνίκα μάλιστα;
Κρίτων ὄρθρος βαθύς.- Sōkrátēs tí tēnikáde aphîxai, ô Krítōn? ḕ ou prṑi éti estín?
Krítōn pánu mèn oûn.
Sōkrátēs pēníka málista?
Krítōn órthros bathús. - Socrates: Why have you come at this time, Crito? Or isn't it still early?
Crito: Yes, very much so.
Socrates: About what time?
Crito: Just before dawn.
- Sōkrátēs tí tēnikáde aphîxai, ô Krítōn? ḕ ou prṑi éti estín?
- Σωκράτης τί τηνικάδε ἀφῖξαι, ὦ Κρίτων; ἢ οὐ πρῲ ἔτι ἐστίν;
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ὄρθρος ho órthros |
τὼ ὄρθρω tṑ órthrō |
οἱ ὄρθροι hoi órthroi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ὄρθρου toû órthrou |
τοῖν ὄρθροιν toîn órthroin |
τῶν ὄρθρων tôn órthrōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ὄρθρῳ tôi órthrōi |
τοῖν ὄρθροιν toîn órthroin |
τοῖς ὄρθροις toîs órthrois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ὄρθρον tòn órthron |
τὼ ὄρθρω tṑ órthrō |
τοὺς ὄρθρους toùs órthrous | ||||||||||
Vocative | ὄρθρε órthre |
ὄρθρω órthrō |
ὄρθροι órthroi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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References
- ὄρθρος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ὄρθρος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- G3722 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
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