ἕως

See also: έως and Ἕως

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hé.ɔːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)ɛ.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.os/

Etymology 1

Noun

ἕως • (héōs) f (genitive ἕω); second declension

Attic form of ἠώς (ēṓs)
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.7.1:
  ἐδόκει γὰρ εἰς τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν ἕω ἥξειν βασιλέα σὺν τῷ στρατεύματι μαχούμενον
  edókei gàr eis tḕn epioûsan héō hḗxein basiléa sùn tôi strateúmati makhoúmenon
  For he thought that the king would come with his army the next morning to fight.

Declension

Attic second declension of ὁ ἕως; τοῦ ἕω (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ ἕως ho héōs
Genitive	τοῦ ἕω toû héō
Dative	τῷ ἕῳ tôi héōi
Accusative	τὸν ἕω tòn héō
Vocative	ἕως héōs
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂wot. Cognates include Sanskrit यावत् (yāvat).

Alternative forms

εἵως (heíōs), εἷος (heîos), ἧος (hêos) – Epic
ἇς (hâs) – Doric

Particle

ἕως • (héōs)

Conjunction

ἕως • (héōs)

(relative particle, used to express the point of time up to which an action goes)
1. until, till
  1. (as a temporal conjunction)
    1. (with indicative) of a fact in past time
      - Homer, Iliad 11.342, (compare Odyssey 5.123)
      - Sophocles, Fragments 225, (compare Aeschylus, The Persians 428.464)
      - Plato, Gorgias 506B, (compare Cratylus 396C)
    2. (with subjunctive, relating to an uncertain event in the future)
      - Homer, Iliad 3.291, (compare 24.183)
      - Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 810
      - Sophocles, Ajax 555
      - Sophocles, Women of Trachis 147
      - Sophocles, Philoctetes 764
    3. (with optative, relating to an uncertain event in the past)
      - Homer, Odyssey 5.386, (compare 9.376)
      - Aristophanes, The Frogs 766
      - Plato, Phaedo 59D
      - Homer, Odyssey 2.78
      - Plato, Phaedo 101D, (compare Sophocles, Women of Trachis 687)
      - Homer, Odyssey 5.386
      - Homer, Odyssey 4.800
      - Homer, Odyssey 19.367
    4. (with infinitive, only in late authors)
      - Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates Romanae
  2. (with single words, mostly of adverbs of time)
    - Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.1.25
    - Herodotus, Histories 2.143
    - The Gospel of Matthew 1:24
    - Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.108
    - New Testament, First Epistle of John 2:9
    - The Gospel of Luke 23:5
    1. (with a preposition)
      - Palatine Anthology 5.201
      - Polybius, The Histories 1.11.14
2. (mostly at the beginning of a verse in Homer) while, as long as
  - Homer, Odyssey 13.315, (compare 17.358)
  - Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 1026
  - Aeschylus, The Persians 710
  - Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.40
  - Homer, Odyssey 4.90
  - Homer, Odyssey 12.328
  - Homer, Iliad 18.15
  - Homer, Iliad 10.507
  - Homer, Iliad 20.41
  - Homer, Iliad 1.193
  - Homer, Odyssey 4.120
  1. (in Attic, with subjunctive)
    - Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1435
    - Plato, Phaedo 85B
  2. (with optative, in case of repeated action)
    - Plato, Theaetetus 155A

Adverb

ἕως • (héōs)

(Epic)

for a time, like τέως (téōs)
- Homer, Iliad 12.142
- Homer, Iliad 13.143
- Homer, Iliad 15.277
- Homer, Odyssey 2.148
- Homer, Odyssey 3.126

References

ἕως in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ἕως in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ἕως in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἕως in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἕως in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
G2193 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Aurora idem, page 1003.
- dawn idem, page 197.
- east idem, page 259.
- long idem, page 498.
- morning idem, page 541.
- till idem, page 874.
- while idem, page 976.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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