ἔλπω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἐέλπω (eélpō)

Etymology

From *ϝέλπω (*wélpō), perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *welp-, from *welh₁-, with Latin voluptas as a cognate.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /él.pɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɛl.po/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈel.po/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈel.po/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈel.po/

Verb

ἔλπω • (élpō)

I cause to hope
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.91
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.380
(middle)
1. I hope, expect
  - 500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Fr. 12
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.609
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.539
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.701
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.404
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.495
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.275
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.419
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 4.92
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.243
2. I expect anxiously, fear
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.113
3. I deem, suppose
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.65
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.355
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.309
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.297
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 23.345
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 7.31
  - Palatine Anthology 5.115

Inflection

Present: ἔλπω, ἔλπομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔλπω	ἔλπεις	ἔλπει	ἔλπετον	ἔλπετον	ἔλπομεν	ἔλπετε	ἔλπουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἔλπω	ἔλπῃς	ἔλπῃ	ἔλπητον	ἔλπητον	ἔλπωμεν	ἔλπητε	ἔλπωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἔλποιμῐ	ἔλποις	ἔλποι	ἔλποιτον	ἐλποίτην	ἔλποιμεν	ἔλποιτε	ἔλποιεν
	imperative		ἔλπε	ἐλπέτω	ἔλπετον	ἐλπέτων		ἔλπετε	ἐλπόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἔλπομαι	ἔλπῃ, ἔλπει	ἔλπεται	ἔλπεσθον	ἔλπεσθον	ἐλπόμεθᾰ	ἔλπεσθε	ἔλπονται
	subjunctive	ἔλπωμαι	ἔλπῃ	ἔλπηται	ἔλπησθον	ἔλπησθον	ἐλπώμεθᾰ	ἔλπησθε	ἔλπωνται
	optative	ἐλποίμην	ἔλποιο	ἔλποιτο	ἔλποισθον	ἐλποίσθην	ἐλποίμεθᾰ	ἔλποισθε	ἔλποιντο
	imperative		ἔλπου	ἐλπέσθω	ἔλπεσθον	ἐλπέσθων		ἔλπεσθε	ἐλπέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἔλπειν				ἔλπεσθαι
participle	m	ἔλπων				ἐλπόμενος
	f	ἔλπουσᾰ				ἐλπομένη
	n	ἔλπον				ἐλπόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ἐέλπω, ἐέλπομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐέλπω	ἐέλπεις	ἐέλπει	ἐέλπετον	ἐέλπετον	ἐέλπομεν	ἐέλπετε	ἐέλπουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐέλπω, ἐέλπωμῐ	ἐέλπῃς, ἐέλπῃσθᾰ	ἐέλπῃ, ἐέλπῃσῐ	ἐέλπητον	ἐέλπητον	ἐέλπωμεν	ἐέλπητε	ἐέλπωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐέλποιμῐ	ἐέλποισ(θᾰ)	ἐέλποι	ἐέλποιτον	ἐελποίτην	ἐέλποιμεν	ἐέλποιτε	ἐέλποιεν
	imperative		ἔελπε	ἐελπέτω	ἐέλπετον	ἐελπέτων		ἐέλπετε	ἐελπόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐέλπομαι	ἐέλπεαι	ἐέλπεται	ἐέλπεσθον	ἐέλπεσθον	ἐελπόμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐέλπεσθε	ἐέλπονται
	subjunctive	ἐέλπωμαι, ἐελπώμαιμῐ	ἐέλπηαι, ἐέλπηαι	ἐέλπηται, ἐελπήταισῐ	ἐέλπησθον	ἐέλπησθον	ἐελπώμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐέλπησθε	ἐέλπωνται
	optative	ἐελποίμην	ἐέλποιο	ἐέλποιτο	ἐέλποισθον	ἐελποίσθην	ἐελποίμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐέλποισθε	ἐελποίᾰτο
	imperative		ἐέλπεο	ἐελπέσθω	ἐέλπεσθον	ἐελπέσθων		ἐέλπεσθε	ἐελπέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐέλπειν/ἐελπέμεν(αι)/ἐέλπμεν(αι)				ἐέλπεσθαι
participle	m	ἐέλπων				ἐελπόμενος
	f	ἐέλπουσᾰ				ἐελπομένη
	n	ἐέλπον				ἐελπόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐλπόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐλπόμην	ἔλπου	ἔλπετο	ἔλπεσθον	ἐλπέσθην	ἐλπόμεθᾰ	ἔλπεσθε	ἔλποντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐελπόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐελπόμην	ἐέλπου	ἐέλπετο	ἐέλπεσθον	ἐελπέσθην	ἐελπόμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐέλπεσθε	ἐέλποντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: Mαῖ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	Mαῖ	Sαῖ	Tαῖ	Hόν	Hόν	Mέθᾰ	Hέ	ᾰ́ται
	subjunctive	Mένος ὦ	Mένος ᾖς	Mένος ᾖ	Mένω ἦτον	Mένω ἦτον	Mένοι ὦμεν	Mένοι ἦτε	Mένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	Mένος εἴην	Mένος εἴης	Mένος εἴη	Mένοι εἴητον/εἶτον	Mένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	Mένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	Mένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	Mένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		Sό	Hῶ	Hόν	Hῶν		Hέ	Hῶν
						middle/passive
infinitive						Hαῖ
participle	m					Mένος
	f					Mένη
	n					Mένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Pluperfect: Mῆν

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	Mῆν	Sό	Tό	Hόν	Hῆν	Mέθᾰ	Hέ	ᾰ́το
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἐλπίζω (elpízō)
ἐπέλπομαι (epélpomai)

Related terms

ἀελπής (aelpḗs)
ἄελπτος (áelptos)
ἐλπίς (elpís)

References

ἔλπω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ἔλπω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ἔλπω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἔλπω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἔλπω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἔλπω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)

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