ἅπας

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἁ- (ha-, “together”) +‎ πᾶς (pâs, “all”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /há.paːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)a.pas/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pas/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pas/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pas/

Determiner

ᾰ̔́πᾱς • (hápās) m (feminine ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰ, neuter ᾰ̔́πᾰν); first/third declension

quite all, the whole (in the plural) all together
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.1
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.91
1. (with an adjective) all
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.616
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.116
  - 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 35
  - 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 909
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 15.19
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 15.148
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 317B
2. (with an abstract substantive) all possible, absolute
  - 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 171
  - 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 6.23
  - 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 39.1.7
  - 110 CE – 180 CE, Pausianas Periegeta, Description of Greece 7.15.8
(after Homer, singular) everyone, (neuter) everything
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 108B
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.153
- 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 312
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 807
- 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 528
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 241B
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.103
- 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, On Salaried Posts in Great Houses (The Dependent Scholar) 41
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 24.185
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 2.49
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 2.56
- 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 493

Inflection

First and third declension of ᾰ̔́πᾱς; ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰ; ᾰ̔́πᾰν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ᾰ̔́πᾱς hápās	ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰ hápāsa	ᾰ̔́πᾰν hápan	ᾰ̔́πᾰντες hápantes	ᾰ̔́πᾱσαι hápāsai	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰ hápanta
Genitive	ᾰ̔́πᾰντος hápantos	ᾰ̔πᾱ́σης hapā́sēs	ᾰ̔́πᾰντος hápantos	ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντων hapántōn	ᾰ̔πᾱσῶν hapāsôn	ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντων hapántōn
Dative	ᾰ̔́πᾰντῐ hápanti	ᾰ̔πᾱ́σῃ hapā́sēi	ᾰ̔́πᾰντῐ hápanti	ᾰ̔́πᾱσῐ / ᾰ̔́πᾱσῐν hápāsi(n)	ᾰ̔πᾱ́σαις hapā́sais	ᾰ̔́πᾱσῐ / ᾰ̔́πᾱσῐν hápāsi(n)
Accusative	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰ hápanta	ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰν hápāsan	ᾰ̔́πᾰν hápan	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰς hápantas	ᾰ̔πᾱ́σᾱς hapā́sās	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰ hápanta
Vocative	ᾰ̔́πᾱς hápās	ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰ hápāsa	ᾰ̔́πᾰν hápan	ᾰ̔́πᾰντες hápantes	ᾰ̔́πᾱσαι hápāsai	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰ hápanta
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and third declension of ᾰ̔́πᾱς; ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰ; ᾰ̔́πᾰν (Epic)

Number	Singular			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ᾰ̔́πᾱς hápās	ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰ hápāsa	ᾰ̔́πᾰν hápan	ᾰ̔́πᾰντες hápantes	ᾰ̔́πᾱσαι hápāsai	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰ hápanta
Genitive	ᾰ̔́πᾰντος hápantos	ᾰ̔πᾱ́σης hapā́sēs	ᾰ̔́πᾰντος hápantos	ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντων hapántōn	ᾰ̔πᾱσᾱ́ων / ᾰ̔πᾱσέ͜ων / ᾰ̔πᾱσῶν hapāsā́ōn / hapāsé͜ōn / hapāsôn	ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντων hapántōn
Dative	ᾰ̔́πᾰντῐ hápanti	ᾰ̔πᾱ́σῃ hapā́sēi	ᾰ̔́πᾰντῐ hápanti	ᾰ̔́πᾱσῐ / ᾰ̔́πᾱσῐν / ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντεσσῐ / ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντεσσῐν / ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντεσῐ / ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντεσῐν hápāsi(n) / hapántessi(n) / hapántesi(n)	ᾰ̔πᾱ́σῃσῐ / ᾰ̔πᾱ́σῃσῐν / ᾰ̔πᾱ́σῃς / ᾰ̔πᾱ́σαις hapā́sēisi(n) / hapā́sēis / hapā́sais	ᾰ̔́πᾱσῐ / ᾰ̔́πᾱσῐν / ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντεσσῐ / ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντεσσῐν / ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντεσῐ / ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντεσῐν hápāsi(n) / hapántessi(n) / hapántesi(n)
Accusative	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰ hápanta	ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰν hápāsan	ᾰ̔́πᾰν hápan	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰς hápantas	ᾰ̔πᾱ́σᾱς hapā́sās	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰ hápanta
Vocative	ᾰ̔́πᾱς hápās	ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰ hápāsa	ᾰ̔́πᾰν hápan	ᾰ̔́πᾰντες hápantes	ᾰ̔́πᾱσαι hápāsai	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰ hápanta
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

First and third declension of ᾰ̔́πᾱς; ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰ; ᾰ̔́πᾰν (Ionic)

Number	Singular			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ᾰ̔́πᾱς hápās	ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰ hápāsa	ᾰ̔́πᾰν hápan	ᾰ̔́πᾰντες hápantes	ᾰ̔́πᾱσαι hápāsai	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰ hápanta
Genitive	ᾰ̔́πᾰντος hápantos	ᾰ̔πᾱ́σης hapā́sēs	ᾰ̔́πᾰντος hápantos	ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντων hapántōn	ᾰ̔πᾱσέων / ᾰ̔πᾱσῶν hapāséōn / hapāsôn	ᾰ̔πᾰ́ντων hapántōn
Dative	ᾰ̔́πᾰντῐ hápanti	ᾰ̔πᾱ́σῃ hapā́sēi	ᾰ̔́πᾰντῐ hápanti	ᾰ̔́πᾱσῐ / ᾰ̔́πᾱσῐν hápāsi(n)	ᾰ̔πᾱ́σῃσῐ / ᾰ̔πᾱ́σῃσῐν hapā́sēisi(n)	ᾰ̔́πᾱσῐ / ᾰ̔́πᾱσῐν hápāsi(n)
Accusative	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰ hápanta	ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰν hápāsan	ᾰ̔́πᾰν hápan	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰς hápantas	ᾰ̔πᾱ́σᾱς hapā́sās	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰ hápanta
Vocative	ᾰ̔́πᾱς hápās	ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰ hápāsa	ᾰ̔́πᾰν hápan	ᾰ̔́πᾰντες hápantes	ᾰ̔́πᾱσαι hápāsai	ᾰ̔́πᾰντᾰ hápanta
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

References

ἅπας in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ἅπας in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ἅπας in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἅπας in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἅπας in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἅπας in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
ἅπας in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G537 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- all idem, page 22.
- entire idem, page 277.
- livelong idem, page 496.
- total idem, page 884.
- whole idem, page 977.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill

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