ἄριστον

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

From Proto-Hellenic *ayeriston, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyeri-h₁d-to-. First part in ἦρι (êri, “early”), second is zero-grade of ἔδω (édō, “to eat”), thus “early meal”.

Alternative forms

ἀέριστον (aériston) – Homeric

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ǎː.riːs.ton/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ris.ton/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ris.ton/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ris.ton/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ris.ton/

Noun

ᾱ̓́ρῑστον • (ā́rīston) n (genitive ᾱ̓ρῑ́στου); second declension

morning meal, breakfast (early usage, i.e. Homeric)
lunch (later usage, replaced with ἀκράτισμα as word for breakfast)

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ ἄρῑστον; τοῦ ἀρῑ́στου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ἄρῑστον tò árīston	τὼ ἀρῑ́στω tṑ arī́stō	τᾰ̀ ἄρῑστᾰ tà árīsta
Genitive	τοῦ ἀρῑ́στου toû arī́stou	τοῖν ἀρῑ́στοιν toîn arī́stoin	τῶν ἀρῑ́στων tôn arī́stōn
Dative	τῷ ἀρῑ́στῳ tôi arī́stōi	τοῖν ἀρῑ́στοιν toîn arī́stoin	τοῖς ἀρῑ́στοις toîs arī́stois
Accusative	τὸ ἄρῑστον tò árīston	τὼ ἀρῑ́στω tṑ arī́stō	τᾰ̀ ἄρῑστᾰ tà árīsta
Vocative	ἄρῑστον árīston	ἀρῑ́στω arī́stō	ἄρῑστᾰ árīsta
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

ἄριστον in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ἄριστον in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ἄριστον in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἄριστον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ἄριστον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἄριστον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
G712 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- breakfast idem, page 96.
- lunch idem, page 505.
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.ris.ton/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ris.ton/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ris.ton/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ris.ton/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ris.ton/

Adjective

ᾰ̓́ρῐστον • (áriston)

inflection of ἄριστος (áristos):
1. accusative singular masculine
2. nominative and accusative and vocative singular neuter

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