ἄβαξ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Usually suggested to be of Semitic origin, such as Phoenician -𐤀‬𐤁𐤀‬𐤒‎ (-ʾ‬bʾ‬q) or Hebrew אָבָק‎ (“dust”)[1], but Beekes finds this unconvincing.[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.baks/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.baks/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.βaks/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.vaks/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.vaks/

Noun

ἄβᾰξ • (ábax) m (genitive ἄβᾰκος); third declension

board, slab
reckoning board, abacus

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ ᾰ̓́βᾰξ; τοῦ ᾰ̓́βᾰκος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ᾰ̓́βᾰξ ho ábax	τὼ ᾰ̓́βᾰκε tṑ ábake	οἱ ᾰ̓́βᾰκες hoi ábakes
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓́βᾰκος toû ábakos	τοῖν ᾰ̓βᾰ́κοιν toîn abákoin	τῶν ᾰ̓βᾰ́κων tôn abákōn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓́βᾰκῐ tôi ábaki	τοῖν ᾰ̓βᾰ́κοιν toîn abákoin	τοῖς ᾰ̓́βᾰξῐ / ᾰ̓́βᾰξῐν toîs ábaxi(n)
Accusative	τὸν ᾰ̓́βᾰκᾰ tòn ábaka	τὼ ᾰ̓́βᾰκε tṑ ábake	τοὺς ᾰ̓́βᾰκᾰς toùs ábakas
Vocative	ᾰ̓́βᾰξ ábax	ᾰ̓́βᾰκε ábake	ᾰ̓́βᾰκες ábakes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

French: abaque
Greek: άβακας m (ávakas)
Italian: ábaco
Latin: abacus
Portuguese: ábaco
Russian: аба́к m (abák)

References

ἄβαξ in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ἄβαξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἄβαξ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)

Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004174207

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[1] Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004174207