ἀδήν

See also: ἅδην

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Beekes suggests Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷḗn, because *h₁n̥gʷ-ḗn would produce *endḗn by Rix's Law (PIE *HR̥C > Proto-Hellenic *e/a/oRC), and rejects the connection with Latin inguen (“groin”) and Old Norse økkvenn (“thick, clodded”).[1]

De Vaan prefers to derive it from Proto-Indo-European *n̥gʷḗn (“the naked one”), from *negʷ- (“naked”), preserving the connection with Latin inguen but excluding the Germanic forms.[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.dɛ̌ːn/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈden/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈðin/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈðin/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈðin/

Noun

ἀδήν • (adḗn) f or m (genitive ἀδένος); third declension

gland

Usage notes

Originally feminine, later masculine.

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ, ἡ ἀδήν; τοῦ, τῆς ἀδένος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ ἀδήν ho, hē adḗn	τὼ ἀδένε tṑ adéne	οἱ, αἱ ἀδένες hoi, hai adénes
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς ἀδένος toû, tês adénos	τοῖν ἀδένοιν toîn adénoin	τῶν ἀδένων tôn adénōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ ἀδένῐ tôi, têi adéni	τοῖν ἀδένοιν toîn adénoin	τοῖς, ταῖς ἀδέσῐ / ἀδέσῐν toîs, taîs adési(n)
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν ἀδένᾰ tòn, tḕn adéna	τὼ ἀδένε tṑ adéne	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς ἀδένᾰς toùs, tā̀s adénas
Vocative	ἀδήν adḗn	ἀδένε adéne	ἀδένες adénes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

→ English: adeno-, -adenia
Greek: αδένας (adénas)
→ Latin: polyadenus

References

Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀδήν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “inguen, -inis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 303-304