ძმარი
Georgian
Etymology
From Old Georgian ძმარი (ʒmari), from Proto-Kartvelian *ʒ₁um-. Cognate with Mingrelian ჯუმორი (ǯumori), Laz ჯუმუ (ǯumu, “salt”) and Svan ჯიმ (ǯim, “salt”).
The Proto-Kartvelian root has been compared to either Proto-Northwest Caucasian *ǯ̍ǝ (“salt”) (Klimov, 1969), whence Abkhaz аџьыка (āǯ̍əḳā), or Proto-Northeast Caucasian *c̣_ĕmhV (“salt”) (Starostin), whence Avar цӏцӏам (c̣̄am).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dzmɑri/
- Hyphenation: ძმა‧რი
Inflection
Declension of ძმარი (see Georgian declension)
| singular | plural | archaic plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ძმარი (ʒmari) | ||
| ergative | ძმარმა (ʒmarma) | ||
| dative | ძმარს(ა) (ʒmars(a)) | ||
| genitive | ძმრის(ა) (ʒmris(a)) | ||
| instrumental | ძმრით(ა) (ʒmrit(a)) | ||
| adverbial | ძმრად(ა) (ʒmrad(a)) | ||
| vocative | ძმარო (ʒmaro) | ||
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. | |||
Postpositional inflection of ძმარი (see Georgian postpositions)
| postpositions taking a dative case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| -ზე (on - ) | ძმარზე (ʒmarze) | |
| -თან (near - ) | ძმართან (ʒmartan) | |
| -ში (in - ) | ძმარში (ʒmarši) | |
| -ვით (like a - ) | ძმარივით (ʒmarivit) | |
| postpositions taking a genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (for - ) | ძმრისთვის (ʒmristvis) | |
| -ებრ (like a - ) | ძმრისებრ (ʒmrisebr) | |
| -კენ (towards - ) | ძმრისკენ (ʒmrisḳen) | |
| -გან (from/of - ) | ძმრისგან (ʒmrisgan) | |
| postpositions taking an instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (from / since - ) | ძმრიდან (ʒmridan) | |
| -ურთ (together with - ) | ძმრითურთ (ʒmriturt) | |
| postpositions taking an adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (up to - ) | ძმრამდე (ʒmramde) |
Derived terms
- ცხვირში ძმარს აწურებს (cxvirši ʒmars ac̣urebs)
Old Georgian
Etymology
From Proto-Kartvelian *ʒ₁um-
Descendants
- Georgian: ძმარი (ʒmari)
References
- Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 611
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