ძმა

• ძამა (ʒama)
• ძამია (ʒamia)
• ძამიკო (ʒamiḳo)

From Old Georgian ძმაჲ (ʒmay), from earlier *ძამა (*ʒama), from *ძამან (*ʒaman). The vowel is believed to have been present in the stem, because of the Svan and Mingrelian cognates. This vowel should have been ა (a), because Laz-Mingrelian vowels (ი and უ) correspond to Georgian ა (a). Also, note ძამ-ა (ʒam-a) and ძამ-იკო (ʒam-iḳo) where the vowel has not dropped out. Accordingly, Fähnrich reconstructs Proto-Kartvelian *ʒ₁am-, while Klimov reconstructs *ʒ₁ma-.

Also, Mingrelian ჯიმა (ǯima) and Laz ჯუმა (ǯuma) forms have, as their plural forms, ჯიმ-ალ-ეფ (ǯim-al-ep) and ჯუმ-ალ-ეფ (ǯum-al-ep), but the Mingrelian–Laz suffix for pluralization is -ეფ (-ep). Therefore, in the plural forms of these words, the consonant ლ (l) is restored, which suggests that, originally, this consonant might have been present in the singular. Cognate with Svan ჯჷმილ (ǯəmil) ჯიმილ (ǯimil), ჯუმილ (ǯumil), Mingrelian ჯიმა (ǯima) and Laz ჯუმა (ǯuma).

• IPA^(key): /dzmɑ/

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ძმა • (ʒma) (plural ძმები)

1. brother

• ძმობილი (ʒmobili)
• ძმადნაფიცი (ʒmadnapici)
• საძმო (saʒmo)
• ძმაკაცი (ʒmaḳaci)
• საძმაკაცო (saʒmaḳaco)

• Shota Dzidziguri, (1988), The life of the word
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 288
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 600
• penrixi (Fähnrich), hainc; sarǯvelaʒe, zurab (2000) kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 619
• abulaʒe, ilia (1973), “ძმა”, in ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 526