ყრუ
Georgian
Etymology
From Old Georgian ყრუ (q̇ru), ყრუჲ (q̇ruy), from Proto-Georgian-Zan *q̇ur-u-, from *q̇ur- (“ear”) (whence also ყური (q̇uri)). Cognates include Laz ყუჯა (q̇uǯa, “deaf”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /qʼru/
Noun
ყრუ • (q̇ru) (plural ყრუები)
- deaf person
- Used to address a person who does not respond to someone
Inflection
Declension of ყრუ (see Georgian declension)
| singular | plural | archaic plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ყრუ (q̇ru) | ყრუები (q̇ruebi) | ყრუნი (q̇runi) |
| ergative | ყრუმ (q̇rum) | ყრუებმა (q̇ruebma) | ყრუთ(ა) (q̇rut(a)) |
| dative | ყრუს(ა) (q̇rus(a)) | ყრუებს(ა) (q̇ruebs(a)) | ყრუთ(ა) (q̇rut(a)) |
| genitive | ყრუს(ა) (q̇rus(a)) | ყრუების(ა) (q̇ruebis(a)) | ყრუთ(ა) (q̇rut(a)) |
| instrumental | ყრუთ(ა) (q̇rut(a)) | ყრუებით(ა) (q̇ruebit(a)) | |
| adverbial | ყრუდ(ა) (q̇rud(a)) | ყრუებად(ა) (q̇ruebad(a)) | |
| vocative | ყრუვ (q̇ruv) | ყრუებო (q̇ruebo) | ყრუნო (q̇runo) |
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. | |||
Postpositional inflection of ყრუ (see Georgian postpositions)
| postpositions taking a dative case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| -ზე (on - ) | ყრუზე (q̇ruze) | ყრუებზე (q̇ruebze) |
| -თან (near - ) | ყრუსთან (q̇rustan) | ყრუებთან (q̇ruebtan) |
| -ში (in - ) | ყრუში (q̇ruši) | ყრუებში (q̇ruebši) |
| -ვით (like a - ) | ყრუსავით (q̇rusavit) | ყრუებივით (q̇ruebivit) |
| postpositions taking a genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (for - ) | ყრუსთვის (q̇rustvis) | ყრუებისთვის (q̇ruebistvis) |
| -ებრ (like a - ) | ყრუსებრ (q̇rusebr) | ყრუებისებრ (q̇ruebisebr) |
| -კენ (towards - ) | ყრუსკენ (q̇rusḳen) | ყრუებისკენ (q̇ruebisḳen) |
| -გან (from/of - ) | ყრუსგან (q̇rusgan) | ყრუებისგან (q̇ruebisgan) |
| postpositions taking an instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (from / since - ) | ყრუდან (q̇rudan) | ყრუებიდან (q̇ruebidan) |
| -ურთ (together with - ) | ყრუთურთ (q̇ruturt) | ყრუებითურთ (q̇ruebiturt) |
| postpositions taking an adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (up to - ) | ყრუმდე (q̇rumde) | ყრუებამდე (q̇ruebamde) |
Adjective
indeclinable
ყრუ • (q̇ru) (comparative უფრო ყრუ, superlative ყველაზე ყრუ)
- deaf
- (figuratively, of village, country etc.) unpopulated
- (figuratively, of village, country etc.) retarded
- (figuratively, of voice) deep, obscure
Synonyms
- (deaf): სმენადაქვეითებული (smenadakveitebuli)
- (unpopulated): მიყრუებული (miq̇ruebuli)
- (retarded): ჩამორჩენილი (čamorčenili), გაუნათლებელი (gaunatlebeli)
Antonyms
- (unpopulated): დასახლებული (dasaxlebuli), ხალხმრავალი (xalxmravali)
Derived terms
- ყრუ-მუნჯი (q̇ru-munǯi)
- დაყრუება (daq̇rueba)
- ყრუ თანხმოვანი (q̇ru tanxmovani)
- აყრუებს (aq̇ruebs)
- გააყრუებს (gaaq̇ruebs)
Related terms
- ყური (q̇uri)
References
- Arnold Čikobava et al., editors (1950–64), “ყრუ”, in kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi
Old Georgian
Etymology
From Proto-Georgian-Zan *q̇ur-u-, from *q̇ur- (“ear”)
Descendants
- Georgian: ყრუ (q̇ru)
References
- abulaʒe, ilia (1973), “ყრუ”, in ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 468
- penrixi (Fähnrich), hainc; sarǯvelaʒe, zurab (2000) kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 544
- Klimov, Georgij A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 246
- Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 522
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