शुभ्र
Sanskrit
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śubʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ĉubʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱubʰ-rós, from *ḱewbʰ- (“beautiful, clean”). Cognate with Old Armenian սուրբ (surb, “pure, holy”).
Adjective
शुभ्र • (śubhrá)
- bright, radiant, shining
- beautiful, splendid
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.11.4:
- शुभ्रं नु ते शुष्मं वर्धयन्तः शुभ्रं वज्रं बाह्वोर्दधानाः।
शुभ्रस्त्वमिन्द्र वावृधानो अस्मे दासीर्विशः सूर्येण सह्याः॥- śubhraṃ nu te śuṣmaṃ vardhayantaḥ śubhraṃ vajraṃ bāhvordadhānāḥ.
śubhrastvamindra vāvṛdhāno asme dāsīrviśaḥ sūryeṇa sahyāḥ. - We who add strength to thine own splendid vigour, laying within thine arms the splendid thunder—
With us mayst thou, O Indra, waxen splendid, with Sūrya overcome the Dāsa races.
- śubhraṃ nu te śuṣmaṃ vardhayantaḥ śubhraṃ vajraṃ bāhvordadhānāḥ.
- शुभ्रं नु ते शुष्मं वर्धयन्तः शुभ्रं वज्रं बाह्वोर्दधानाः।
- clear, spotless
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of शुभ्र | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | शुभ्रः (śubhraḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | शुभ्रस्य (śubhrasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शुभ्रः (śubhraḥ) | शुभ्रौ (śubhrau) | शुभ्राः (śubhrāḥ) |
| Vocative | शुभ्र (śubhra) | शुभ्रौ (śubhrau) | शुभ्राः (śubhrāḥ) |
| Accusative | शुभ्रम् (śubhram) | शुभ्रौ (śubhrau) | शुभ्रान् (śubhrān) |
| Instrumental | शुभ्रेन (śubhrena) | शुभ्राभ्याम् (śubhrābhyām) | शुभ्रैः (śubhraiḥ) |
| Dative | शुभ्राय (śubhrāya) | शुभ्राभ्याम् (śubhrābhyām) | शुभ्रेभ्यः (śubhrebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | शुभ्रात् (śubhrāt) | शुभ्राभ्याम् (śubhrābhyām) | शुभ्रेभ्यः (śubhrebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | शुभ्रस्य (śubhrasya) | शुभ्रयोः (śubhrayoḥ) | शुभ्रानाम् (śubhrānām) |
| Locative | शुभ्रे (śubhre) | शुभ्रयोः (śubhrayoḥ) | शुभ्रेषु (śubhreṣu) |
| Feminine ā-stem declension of शुभ्र | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | शुभ्रा (śubhrā) | ||
| Gen. sg. | शुभ्रायाः (śubhrāyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शुभ्रा (śubhrā) | शुभ्रे (śubhre) | शुभ्राः (śubhrāḥ) |
| Vocative | शुभ्रे (śubhre) | शुभ्रे (śubhre) | शुभ्राः (śubhrāḥ) |
| Accusative | शुभ्राम् (śubhrām) | शुभ्रे (śubhre) | शुभ्राः (śubhrāḥ) |
| Instrumental | शुभ्रया (śubhrayā) | शुभ्राभ्याम् (śubhrābhyām) | शुभ्राभिः (śubhrābhiḥ) |
| Dative | शुभ्रायै (śubhrāyai) | शुभ्राभ्याम् (śubhrābhyām) | शुभ्राभ्यः (śubhrābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | शुभ्रायाः (śubhrāyāḥ) | शुभ्राभ्याम् (śubhrābhyām) | शुभ्राभ्यः (śubhrābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | शुभ्रायाः (śubhrāyāḥ) | शुभ्रयोः (śubhrayoḥ) | शुभ्रानाम् (śubhrānām) |
| Locative | शुभ्रायाम् (śubhrāyām) | शुभ्रयोः (śubhrayoḥ) | शुभ्रासु (śubhrāsu) |
| Neuter a-stem declension of शुभ्र | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | शुभ्रम् (śubhram) | ||
| Gen. sg. | शुभ्रस्य (śubhrasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शुभ्रम् (śubhram) | शुभ्रे (śubhre) | शुभ्रानि (śubhrāni) |
| Vocative | शुभ्र (śubhra) | शुभ्रे (śubhre) | शुभ्रानि (śubhrāni) |
| Accusative | शुभ्रम् (śubhram) | शुभ्रे (śubhre) | शुभ्रानि (śubhrāni) |
| Instrumental | शुभ्रेन (śubhrena) | शुभ्राभ्याम् (śubhrābhyām) | शुभ्रैः (śubhraiḥ) |
| Dative | शुभ्राय (śubhrāya) | शुभ्राभ्याम् (śubhrābhyām) | शुभ्रेभ्यः (śubhrebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | शुभ्रात् (śubhrāt) | शुभ्राभ्याम् (śubhrābhyām) | शुभ्रेभ्यः (śubhrebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | शुभ्रस्य (śubhrasya) | शुभ्रयोः (śubhrayoḥ) | शुभ्रानाम् (śubhrānām) |
| Locative | शुभ्रे (śubhre) | शुभ्रयोः (śubhrayoḥ) | शुभ्रेषु (śubhreṣu) |
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “शुभ्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1084.
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