قهوة

See also: قهوه‎ and قہوہ‎

Arabic

Etymology

Disputed origin; originally meaning a "brew" first referring to mulled wine, as the drink was traditionally mixed and served hot in a similar manner, featuring many overlapping spices and the hospitality etiquette of modern day Arab coffee culture. Culturally other words were re-purposed from wine to coffee with the advent of the traditionalist Muslim prohibition on alcohol. Other synonyms for "to brew" utilize the same trilateral roots as wine and intoxicants; see خ م ر‎ (ḵ-m-r) to cover over, presumably with hot water, to let sit, to steep, to let ferment or to give suitable time for food to be prepared for use. Alternatively, some sources trace the term back to the Omotic Kaffa, the name of the region in Ethiopia where coffee was first grown, however the word is used to mean wine in earliest Arabic, more than half a millennium before this Kingdom existed which makes any associations dubious.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /qah.wa/
- (Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ʔah.wa/
- (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /ɡah.wa/
- (Najdi) IPA^(key): /ɡha.wa/
- (Levantine) IPA^(key): /ʔahwɛ/
- (Hebron cities and villages) IPA^(key): /ɡahwɛ/
- (Palestinian Fellahi) IPA^(key): /kahwɛ/

Noun

قَهْوَة • (qahwa) f (plural قَهَوَات‎ (qahawāt) or قَهَاوٍ‎ (qahāwin), plural construct state قَهَاوِي‎ (qahāwī))

(usually  uncountable)

(obsolete) wine
- c. 800, إبراهيم بن المهدي‎‎, ‎فما مزه قهوة قرقف شمولا تروق براووقها‎:
  
  ‏فما مزه قهوة قرقف شمولا تروق براووقها‎
  What he slurps of wine from a bowl, it wholly gets strained by its sifter.
coffee (the drink)
(colloquial) coffee shop, café

Declension

Declension of noun قَهْوَة (qahwa)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَهْوَة qahwa	الْقَهْوَة‎ al-qahwa	قَهْوَة qahwat
Nominative	قَهْوَةٌ qahwatun	الْقَهْوَةُ‎ al-qahwatu	قَهْوَةُ qahwatu
Accusative	قَهْوَةً qahwatan	الْقَهْوَةَ‎ al-qahwata	قَهْوَةَ qahwata
Genitive	قَهْوَةٍ qahwatin	الْقَهْوَةِ‎ al-qahwati	قَهْوَةِ qahwati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَهْوَتَيْن‎ qahwatayn	الْقَهْوَتَيْن‎ al-qahwatayn	قَهْوَتَيْ‎ qahwatay
Nominative	قَهْوَتَانِ‎ qahwatāni	الْقَهْوَتَانِ‎ al-qahwatāni	قَهْوَتَا‎ qahwatā
Accusative	قَهْوَتَيْنِ‎ qahwatayni	الْقَهْوَتَيْنِ‎ al-qahwatayni	قَهْوَتَيْ‎ qahwatay
Genitive	قَهْوَتَيْنِ‎ qahwatayni	الْقَهْوَتَيْنِ‎ al-qahwatayni	قَهْوَتَيْ‎ qahwatay
Plural	sound feminine plural‎; broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in)
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَهَوَات‎‎; قَهَاوِي‎ qahawāt‎; qahāwī	الْقَهَوَات‎‎; الْقَهَاوِي‎ al-qahawāt‎; al-qahāwī	قَهَوَات‎‎; قَهَاوِي‎ qahawāt‎; qahāwī
Nominative	قَهَوَاتٌ‎‎; قَهَاوٍ‎ qahawātun‎; qahāwin	الْقَهَوَاتُ‎‎; الْقَهَاوِي‎ al-qahawātu‎; al-qahāwī	قَهَوَاتُ‎‎; قَهَاوِي‎ qahawātu‎; qahāwī
Accusative	قَهَوَاتٍ‎‎; قَهَاوِيَ‎ qahawātin‎; qahāwiya	الْقَهَوَاتِ‎‎; الْقَهَاوِيَ‎ al-qahawāti‎; al-qahāwiya	قَهَوَاتِ‎‎; قَهَاوِيَ‎ qahawāti‎; qahāwiya
Genitive	قَهَوَاتٍ‎‎; قَهَاوٍ‎ qahawātin‎; qahāwin	الْقَهَوَاتِ‎‎; الْقَهَاوِي‎ al-qahawāti‎; al-qahāwī	قَهَوَاتِ‎‎; قَهَاوِي‎ qahawāti‎; qahāwī

Derived terms

مَقْهًى‎ m (maqhan)

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: qəhvə
→ Bashkir: ҡәһүә (qähüä)
→ Malay: kahwa
→ Ottoman Turkish: قهوه‎ (kahve)
- Turkish: kahve
- → Armenian: խահվե (xahve), ղահվե (łahve)
- → Georgian: ყავა (q̇ava)
  - → Armenian: ղ՛ավա (ł́ava)
- → Italian: caffè
  - → Dutch: koffie
    - → Chechen: кофе (kofe)
    - → English: coffee
      - → Burmese: ကော်ဖီ (kauhpi)
      - → Gujarati: કૉફી (kɔphī)
      - → Hausa: kṑfī
      - → Hindi: कॉफ़ी (kŏfī), कॉफी (kŏphī)
      - → Korean: 커피 (keopi)
      - → Maia: kopi
      - → Navajo: gohwééh
      - → Scottish Gaelic: cofaidh
      - Tok Pisin: kopi
      - → Welsh: coffi
    - → Japanese: コーヒー (kōhī)
    - → Kyrgyz: кофе (kofe)
    - → Malay: kopi
      - Indonesian: kopi
      - → Min Nan: 咖啡 (ko-pi, ko-phi)
    - → Russian: ко́фе (kófe)
      - → Armenian: կոֆե (kofe)
    - → West Frisian: kofje
  - → English: caffè
  - → Faroese: kaffi
  - → French: café
    - → Albanian: kafeja
    - → Alemannic German: Kaafe
    - → Bulgarian: кафе́ (kafé)
    - → Cantonese: 咖啡 (gaa3 fe1)
    - → English: café
    - → German: Café
    - → German: Kaffee
    - → Mandarin: 咖啡 (kāfēi)
      - → Zhuang: gahfeih
    - → Mongolian: кафе (kafe)
    - → Norman: café
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: kaffi
    - → Ojibwe: gaapii
    - → Russian: кафе́ (kafé)
    - → Portuguese: café
      - Kadiwéu: gaape
    - → Spanish: café
      - → Cebuano: kape
      - → Central Tarahumara: kajé
      - → Tagalog: kapé
        → Min Nan: 咖啡 (ka-pé)
      - → Hiligaynon: kape
      - → Mecayapan Nahuatl: capej
      - → Navajo: ahwééh
      - → Waray-Waray: kape
    - → Swedish: café
    - → Thai: กาแฟ (gaa-fɛɛ)
  - → Irish: caife
  - → Icelandic: kaffi
  - → West Flemish: kaffie
  - → Finnish: kahvi
- → Belarusian: ка́ва (káva)
- → Czech: káva
- → Polish: kawa
- → Ukrainian: ка́ва (káva)
→ Persian: قهوه‎ (qahve)
- Tajik: қаҳва (qahva)
→ Tatar: каһвә (qahwä)
→ Uyghur: قەھۋە‏‎ (qehwe‏)
→ Uzbek: qahva

References

Freytag, Georg (1835), “قهوة”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 511
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “قهوة”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 829
Wehr, Hans (1979), “قهوة”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 929–930

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

From Standard Arabic root ق ه و‎ (q-h-w).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɡha.wa/

Noun

قَهْوَة (gahwa) f

(plural قَهْوات‎ ‎(gahwāt) (sense 1), قَهَاوِي‎ (sense 2))

coffee
coffee shop, a traditional social gathering places where different where men gather and consume smokeless products.
(rare) café
Synonym: كافيه

Hijazi Arabic

قَهْوَة

Etymology

From Arabic قَهْوَة‎ (qahwa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɡah.wa/

Noun

قَهْوَة • (gahwa) f

(plural قَهْوات‎ ‎(gahwāt))

coffee
(rare) coffee shop, café