فلاح

Arabic

Etymology

Assumed to be borrowed from Aramaic פלחא‎ /‎ ܦܠܚܐ‎ (pallāḥā, “worker; peasant”), owing to the dominant economy of Arabic speakers being nomadic when in contrast Aramaic speakers practised agriculture. This assumed, فَلَحَ‎ (falaḥa, “to furrow, to plough; to slit, to cleave”) – which isn’t a common word – would be denominal.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fal.laːħ/

Noun

فَلَّاح • (fallāḥ) m (plural فَلَّاحُون‎ (fallāḥūn), feminine فَلَّاحَة‎ (fallāḥa))

peasant, farmer
‏هٰؤُلَاءِ الْفَلَّاحُونَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْقَرْيَةِ الْمِصْرِيَّةِ الْكَبِيرَةِ.‎‎
hāʾulāʾi l-fallāḥūna min tilka l-qaryati l-miṣriyyati l-kabīrati.
These farmers are from that big Egyptian village.

Declension

Declension of noun فَلَّاح (fallāḥ)

Singular	Masculine			Feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَلَّاح fallāḥ	الْفَلَّاح‎ al-fallāḥ	فَلَّاح fallāḥ	فَلَّاحَة‎ fallāḥa	الْفَلَّاحَة‎ al-fallāḥa	فَلَّاحَة‎ fallāḥat
Nominative	فَلَّاحٌ fallāḥun	الْفَلَّاحُ‎ al-fallāḥu	فَلَّاحُ fallāḥu	فَلَّاحَةٌ‎ fallāḥatun	الْفَلَّاحَةُ‎ al-fallāḥatu	فَلَّاحَةُ‎ fallāḥatu
Accusative	فَلَّاحًا‎ fallāḥan	الْفَلَّاحَ‎ al-fallāḥa	فَلَّاحَ fallāḥa	فَلَّاحَةً‎ fallāḥatan	الْفَلَّاحَةَ‎ al-fallāḥata	فَلَّاحَةَ‎ fallāḥata
Genitive	فَلَّاحٍ fallāḥin	الْفَلَّاحِ‎ al-fallāḥi	فَلَّاحِ fallāḥi	فَلَّاحَةٍ‎ fallāḥatin	الْفَلَّاحَةِ‎ al-fallāḥati	فَلَّاحَةِ‎ fallāḥati
Dual	Masculine			Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَلَّاحَيْن‎ fallāḥayn	الْفَلَّاحَيْن‎ al-fallāḥayn	فَلَّاحَيْ‎ fallāḥay	فَلَّاحَتَيْن‎ fallāḥatayn	الْفَلَّاحَتَيْن‎ al-fallāḥatayn	فَلَّاحَتَيْ‎ fallāḥatay
Nominative	فَلَّاحَانِ‎ fallāḥāni	الْفَلَّاحَانِ‎ al-fallāḥāni	فَلَّاحَا‎ fallāḥā	فَلَّاحَتَانِ‎ fallāḥatāni	الْفَلَّاحَتَانِ‎ al-fallāḥatāni	فَلَّاحَتَا‎ fallāḥatā
Accusative	فَلَّاحَيْنِ‎ fallāḥayni	الْفَلَّاحَيْنِ‎ al-fallāḥayni	فَلَّاحَيْ‎ fallāḥay	فَلَّاحَتَيْنِ‎ fallāḥatayni	الْفَلَّاحَتَيْنِ‎ al-fallāḥatayni	فَلَّاحَتَيْ‎ fallāḥatay
Genitive	فَلَّاحَيْنِ‎ fallāḥayni	الْفَلَّاحَيْنِ‎ al-fallāḥayni	فَلَّاحَيْ‎ fallāḥay	فَلَّاحَتَيْنِ‎ fallāḥatayni	الْفَلَّاحَتَيْنِ‎ al-fallāḥatayni	فَلَّاحَتَيْ‎ fallāḥatay
Plural	Masculine			Feminine
	sound masculine plural			sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَلَّاحِين‎ fallāḥīn	الْفَلَّاحِين‎ al-fallāḥīn	فَلَّاحِي‎ fallāḥī	فَلَّاحَات‎ fallāḥāt	الْفَلَّاحَات‎ al-fallāḥāt	فَلَّاحَات‎ fallāḥāt
Nominative	فَلَّاحُونَ‎ fallāḥūna	الْفَلَّاحُونَ‎ al-fallāḥūna	فَلَّاحُو‎ fallāḥū	فَلَّاحَاتٌ‎ fallāḥātun	الْفَلَّاحَاتُ‎ al-fallāḥātu	فَلَّاحَاتُ‎ fallāḥātu
Accusative	فَلَّاحِينَ‎ fallāḥīna	الْفَلَّاحِينَ‎ al-fallāḥīna	فَلَّاحِي‎ fallāḥī	فَلَّاحَاتٍ‎ fallāḥātin	الْفَلَّاحَاتِ‎ al-fallāḥāti	فَلَّاحَاتِ‎ fallāḥāti
Genitive	فَلَّاحِينَ‎ fallāḥīna	الْفَلَّاحِينَ‎ al-fallāḥīna	فَلَّاحِي‎ fallāḥī	فَلَّاحَاتٍ‎ fallāḥātin	الْفَلَّاحَاتِ‎ al-fallāḥāti	فَلَّاحَاتِ‎ fallāḥāti

Descendants

→ English: fellah
→ French: fellah
→ German: Fellache
→ Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: file, fele, fileh, fillah, fille

Central Kurdish: فەلە‎ (fele)
→ Russian: фелла́х (felláx)
→ Swahili: falahi
→ Ottoman Turkish: فلاح‎
- Turkish: felah, fellah
- → Aromanian: fileah
- → Bulgarian: фела̀х (felàh)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  - Cyrillic: фѐла̄х
  - Latin: fèlāh

References

Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 126
Lane, Edward William (1863), “فلاح”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2439
Wehr, Hans (1979), “فلح”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 850
Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (2007), “663. FILEAH”, in Зузана Тополињска, Петар Атанасов, editors, Турските елементи во ароманскиот, put into Macedonian from the author’s Serbo-Croatian Turski elementi u aromunskom dijalektu (1939, unpublished) by Веселинка Лаброска, Скопје: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите, →ISBN, page 122

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