عنكبوت

• عُكَّاش‎ (ʿukkāš) – uncertain
• عَنْكَب‎ (ʿankab), عَنْكَبَة‎ (ʿankaba), عَنْكَبَاة‎ (ʿankabāh)

Inherited from Ancient North Arabian 𐪒𐪌𐪋𐪈𐪉‎ (ʿnkbt, “spider”). Also found as Hebrew עַכָּבִישׁ‎ (ʿakkābīš, “spider”) and Jewish Aramaic עַכָּבִיתָא‎ (ʿakkāḇīṯā) /‎ עַכּוּבִיתָא‎ (ʿakkūḇīṯā, “spider”). For the formation compare Aramaic חִפּוּשִׂיתָא /‎ חִיפּוּשִׂיתָא‎ (ḥippūśīṯā, “beetle”) (source of خُنْفُسَاء‎ (ḵunfusāʾ)). If formed the same, to be juxtaposed with عَكِبَ‎ (ʿakiba, “to have a heavy chin and thick lips; to have the fingers or toes set close together”) and عَكْب‎ (ʿakb, “agile”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

• IPA^(key): /ʕan.ka.buːt/ (singular)
• IPA^(key): /ʕa.naː.kib/ (plural)

عَنْكَبُوت • (ʿankabūt) f or m (plural عَنَاكِب‎ (ʿanākib) or عَنَاكِيب‎ (ʿanākīb) or عَنْكَبُوتَات‎ (ʿankabūtāt), masculine عَنْكَب‎ (ʿankab))

1. spider
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 29:41:

     ‏مَثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُوا۟ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَوْلِيَآءَ كَمَثَلِ ٱلْعَنكَبُوتِ ٱتَّخَذَتْ بَيْتًا وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ ٱلْبُيُوتِ لَبَيْتُ ٱلْعَنكَبُوتِ لَوْ كَانُوا۟ يَعْلَمُونَ‎

     maṯalu llaḏīna ttaḵaḏū min dūni llāhi ʾawliyāʾa ka-maṯali l-ʿankabūti ttaḵaḏat baytan wa-ʾinna ʾawhana l-buyūti la-baytu l-ʿankabūti law kānū yaʿlamūna

     The example of those who take allies other than Allah is like that of the spider who takes a home. And indeed, the weakest of homes is the home of the spider, if they only knew.

   • 1025, ابن سينا (Avicenna), القانون في الطب‎ [Canon Medicinae], Rome: Stamperia Orientale Medicea, published 1593, Liber 2, page 232:

     ‏نسج العنكبوت يقطع نزف الدم اذا جعل على الجراحات اذا وضع نسجه على القروح منعها ان يرم اذا طبخ العنكبوت الغليظه النسج الابيض بدهن ورد وقطر في الاذن سكن وجعها وقال بعضهم ان نسج العنكبوت اذا خلط ببعض المراهم ولطخ على خرقه كتان والزفت على الجبهة او الصدغين ابرا من حمى الغب وزعم القوم ان نسج الصنف الذي يكون نسجه كثيفا ابيض اذا شدفي جلد وعلق على العنق او العضه ابرا حمى الغب وقال ديسقوريدوس ابرا من حمى الربع.‎‎

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “عنكبوت”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 182–183
• Freytag, Georg (1835), “عكب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 199
• Freytag, Georg (1835), “عنكبوت”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 235
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “عكب”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 325–326
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “عنكبوت”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 390
• Lane, Edward William (1863), “عنكبوت”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2177
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “عكب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 715
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “عنكبوت”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 732
• Wahrmund, Adolf (1887), “عكب”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 289
• Wahrmund, Adolf (1887), “عنكبوت”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, pages 316–317
• Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “عنكبوت”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 887

• Jaussen, Antonin; Savignac, Antoine Raphaël (1909) Mission archéologique en Arabie, volume 1, Paris: Ernest Leroux, page 276
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 217–218
• Van der Westhuizen, Jasper Petrus (1971), “Some Notes on the Term עַכָּבִישׁ”, in De Fructu Oris Sui. Essays in Honour of Adrianus van Selms (Pretoria Oriental Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, pages 214–221