سيف

See also: سيق‎ and شيق‎

Arabic

Etymology

Related to Ancient Greek ξίφος (xíphos); either a loan, or from a common original source. The same word is probably preserved in Egyptian zft, Coptic ⲥⲏϥⲉ (sēfe). Dümichen (1867) suggested an Old Semitic saïf or sêf, Myres (1930) a possible Libyan or "Sea Peoples" word.

Pronunciation 1

IPA^(key): /sajf/
(Egypt) IPA^(key): /seːf/

Noun

سَيْف • (sayf) m (plural سُيُوف‎ (suyūf) or أَسْيَاف‎ (ʾasyāf) or أَسْيُف‎ (ʾasyuf))

sword, sabre, foil, rapier, scimitar
swordfish

Declension

Declension of noun سَيْف (sayf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَيْف sayf	السَّيْف‎ as-sayf	سَيْف sayf
Nominative	سَيْفٌ sayfun	السَّيْفُ‎ as-sayfu	سَيْفُ sayfu
Accusative	سَيْفًا‎ sayfan	السَّيْفَ‎ as-sayfa	سَيْفَ sayfa
Genitive	سَيْفٍ sayfin	السَّيْفِ‎ as-sayfi	سَيْفِ sayfi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَيْفَيْن‎ sayfayn	السَّيْفَيْن‎ as-sayfayn	سَيْفَيْ‎ sayfay
Nominative	سَيْفَانِ‎ sayfāni	السَّيْفَانِ‎ as-sayfāni	سَيْفَا‎ sayfā
Accusative	سَيْفَيْنِ‎ sayfayni	السَّيْفَيْنِ‎ as-sayfayni	سَيْفَيْ‎ sayfay
Genitive	سَيْفَيْنِ‎ sayfayni	السَّيْفَيْنِ‎ as-sayfayni	سَيْفَيْ‎ sayfay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُيُوف‎‎; أَسْيَاف‎‎; أَسْيُف‎ suyūf‎; ʾasyāf‎; ʾasyuf	السُّيُوف‎‎; الْأَسْيَاف‎‎; الْأَسْيُف‎ as-suyūf‎; al-ʾasyāf‎; al-ʾasyuf	سُيُوف‎‎; أَسْيَاف‎‎; أَسْيُف‎ suyūf‎; ʾasyāf‎; ʾasyuf
Nominative	سُيُوفٌ‎‎; أَسْيَافٌ‎‎; أَسْيُفٌ‎ suyūfun‎; ʾasyāfun‎; ʾasyufun	السُّيُوفُ‎‎; الْأَسْيَافُ‎‎; الْأَسْيُفُ‎ as-suyūfu‎; al-ʾasyāfu‎; al-ʾasyufu	سُيُوفُ‎‎; أَسْيَافُ‎‎; أَسْيُفُ‎ suyūfu‎; ʾasyāfu‎; ʾasyufu
Accusative	سُيُوفًا‎‎; أَسْيَافًا‎‎; أَسْيُفًا‎ suyūfan‎; ʾasyāfan‎; ʾasyufan	السُّيُوفَ‎‎; الْأَسْيَافَ‎‎; الْأَسْيُفَ‎ as-suyūfa‎; al-ʾasyāfa‎; al-ʾasyufa	سُيُوفَ‎‎; أَسْيَافَ‎‎; أَسْيُفَ‎ suyūfa‎; ʾasyāfa‎; ʾasyufa
Genitive	سُيُوفٍ‎‎; أَسْيَافٍ‎‎; أَسْيُفٍ‎ suyūfin‎; ʾasyāfin‎; ʾasyufin	السُّيُوفِ‎‎; الْأَسْيَافِ‎‎; الْأَسْيُفِ‎ as-suyūfi‎; al-ʾasyāfi‎; al-ʾasyufi	سُيُوفِ‎‎; أَسْيَافِ‎‎; أَسْيُفِ‎ suyūfi‎; ʾasyāfi‎; ʾasyufi

Descendants

Amharic ሰይፍ (säyf)
English: seif, Saiph
Hebrew: סַיִף‎ (sayif)
Maltese: sejf
Ottoman Turkish: سیف‎ (seyf)
- Turkish: seyf
Persian: سیف‎ (seyf)
Tajik: сайф (sayf)

Pronunciation 2

IPA^(key): /siːf/

Noun

سِيف • (sīf) m (plural أَسْيَاف‎ (ʾasyāf))

Declension

Declension of noun سِيف (sīf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِيف sīf	السِّيف‎ as-sīf	سِيف sīf
Nominative	سِيفٌ sīfun	السِّيفُ‎ as-sīfu	سِيفُ sīfu
Accusative	سِيفًا‎ sīfan	السِّيفَ‎ as-sīfa	سِيفَ sīfa
Genitive	سِيفٍ sīfin	السِّيفِ‎ as-sīfi	سِيفِ sīfi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِيفَيْن‎ sīfayn	السِّيفَيْن‎ as-sīfayn	سِيفَيْ‎ sīfay
Nominative	سِيفَانِ‎ sīfāni	السِّيفَانِ‎ as-sīfāni	سِيفَا‎ sīfā
Accusative	سِيفَيْنِ‎ sīfayni	السِّيفَيْنِ‎ as-sīfayni	سِيفَيْ‎ sīfay
Genitive	سِيفَيْنِ‎ sīfayni	السِّيفَيْنِ‎ as-sīfayni	سِيفَيْ‎ sīfay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَسْيَاف‎ ʾasyāf	الْأَسْيَاف‎ al-ʾasyāf	أَسْيَاف‎ ʾasyāf
Nominative	أَسْيَافٌ‎ ʾasyāfun	الْأَسْيَافُ‎ al-ʾasyāfu	أَسْيَافُ‎ ʾasyāfu
Accusative	أَسْيَافًا‎ ʾasyāfan	الْأَسْيَافَ‎ al-ʾasyāfa	أَسْيَافَ‎ ʾasyāfa
Genitive	أَسْيَافٍ‎ ʾasyāfin	الْأَسْيَافِ‎ al-ʾasyāfi	أَسْيَافِ‎ ʾasyāfi

Related terms

سياف‎
مسايفَة‎

References

Johannes Dümichen, Historische Inschriften altägyptischer Denkmäler vol. 1, Leipzig (1867), 26-27.
John Linton Myres, Who were the Greeks?, University of California Press, 1930, p. 590

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