خندق
Arabic
Etymology
An Iranian borrowing: compare Persian کندک (kandak), کنده (kanda), Old Armenian քանդակ (kʿandak) (also from Iranian).
Conjugation
Conjugation of
خَنْدَقَ
(form-Iq sound)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
خَنْدَقَة ḵandaqa | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُخَنْدِق muḵandiq | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُخَنْدَق muḵandaq | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | خَنْدَقْتُ ḵandaqtu |
خَنْدَقْتَ ḵandaqta |
خَنْدَقَ ḵandaqa |
خَنْدَقْتُمَا ḵandaqtumā |
خَنْدَقَا ḵandaqā |
خَنْدَقْنَا ḵandaqnā |
خَنْدَقْتُمْ ḵandaqtum |
خَنْدَقُوا ḵandaqū | |||
| f | خَنْدَقْتِ ḵandaqti |
خَنْدَقَتْ ḵandaqat |
خَنْدَقَتَا ḵandaqatā |
خَنْدَقْتُنَّ ḵandaqtunna |
خَنْدَقْنَ ḵandaqna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | أُخَنْدِقُ ʾuḵandiqu |
تُخَنْدِقُ tuḵandiqu |
يُخَنْدِقُ yuḵandiqu |
تُخَنْدِقَانِ tuḵandiqāni |
يُخَنْدِقَانِ yuḵandiqāni |
نُخَنْدِقُ nuḵandiqu |
تُخَنْدِقُونَ tuḵandiqūna |
يُخَنْدِقُونَ yuḵandiqūna | |||
| f | تُخَنْدِقِينَ tuḵandiqīna |
تُخَنْدِقُ tuḵandiqu |
تُخَنْدِقَانِ tuḵandiqāni |
تُخَنْدِقْنَ tuḵandiqna |
يُخَنْدِقْنَ yuḵandiqna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُخَنْدِقَ ʾuḵandiqa |
تُخَنْدِقَ tuḵandiqa |
يُخَنْدِقَ yuḵandiqa |
تُخَنْدِقَا tuḵandiqā |
يُخَنْدِقَا yuḵandiqā |
نُخَنْدِقَ nuḵandiqa |
تُخَنْدِقُوا tuḵandiqū |
يُخَنْدِقُوا yuḵandiqū | |||
| f | تُخَنْدِقِي tuḵandiqī |
تُخَنْدِقَ tuḵandiqa |
تُخَنْدِقَا tuḵandiqā |
تُخَنْدِقْنَ tuḵandiqna |
يُخَنْدِقْنَ yuḵandiqna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُخَنْدِقْ ʾuḵandiq |
تُخَنْدِقْ tuḵandiq |
يُخَنْدِقْ yuḵandiq |
تُخَنْدِقَا tuḵandiqā |
يُخَنْدِقَا yuḵandiqā |
نُخَنْدِقْ nuḵandiq |
تُخَنْدِقُوا tuḵandiqū |
يُخَنْدِقُوا yuḵandiqū | |||
| f | تُخَنْدِقِي tuḵandiqī |
تُخَنْدِقْ tuḵandiq |
تُخَنْدِقَا tuḵandiqā |
تُخَنْدِقْنَ tuḵandiqna |
يُخَنْدِقْنَ yuḵandiqna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | خَنْدِقْ ḵandiq |
خَنْدِقَا ḵandiqā |
خَنْدِقُوا ḵandiqū |
||||||||
| f | خَنْدِقِي ḵandiqī |
خَنْدِقْنَ ḵandiqna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | خُنْدِقْتُ ḵundiqtu |
خُنْدِقْتَ ḵundiqta |
خُنْدِقَ ḵundiqa |
خُنْدِقْتُمَا ḵundiqtumā |
خُنْدِقَا ḵundiqā |
خُنْدِقْنَا ḵundiqnā |
خُنْدِقْتُمْ ḵundiqtum |
خُنْدِقُوا ḵundiqū | |||
| f | خُنْدِقْتِ ḵundiqti |
خُنْدِقَتْ ḵundiqat |
خُنْدِقَتَا ḵundiqatā |
خُنْدِقْتُنَّ ḵundiqtunna |
خُنْدِقْنَ ḵundiqna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | أُخَنْدَقُ ʾuḵandaqu |
تُخَنْدَقُ tuḵandaqu |
يُخَنْدَقُ yuḵandaqu |
تُخَنْدَقَانِ tuḵandaqāni |
يُخَنْدَقَانِ yuḵandaqāni |
نُخَنْدَقُ nuḵandaqu |
تُخَنْدَقُونَ tuḵandaqūna |
يُخَنْدَقُونَ yuḵandaqūna | |||
| f | تُخَنْدَقِينَ tuḵandaqīna |
تُخَنْدَقُ tuḵandaqu |
تُخَنْدَقَانِ tuḵandaqāni |
تُخَنْدَقْنَ tuḵandaqna |
يُخَنْدَقْنَ yuḵandaqna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُخَنْدَقَ ʾuḵandaqa |
تُخَنْدَقَ tuḵandaqa |
يُخَنْدَقَ yuḵandaqa |
تُخَنْدَقَا tuḵandaqā |
يُخَنْدَقَا yuḵandaqā |
نُخَنْدَقَ nuḵandaqa |
تُخَنْدَقُوا tuḵandaqū |
يُخَنْدَقُوا yuḵandaqū | |||
| f | تُخَنْدَقِي tuḵandaqī |
تُخَنْدَقَ tuḵandaqa |
تُخَنْدَقَا tuḵandaqā |
تُخَنْدَقْنَ tuḵandaqna |
يُخَنْدَقْنَ yuḵandaqna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُخَنْدَقْ ʾuḵandaq |
تُخَنْدَقْ tuḵandaq |
يُخَنْدَقْ yuḵandaq |
تُخَنْدَقَا tuḵandaqā |
يُخَنْدَقَا yuḵandaqā |
نُخَنْدَقْ nuḵandaq |
تُخَنْدَقُوا tuḵandaqū |
يُخَنْدَقُوا yuḵandaqū | |||
| f | تُخَنْدَقِي tuḵandaqī |
تُخَنْدَقْ tuḵandaq |
تُخَنْدَقَا tuḵandaqā |
تُخَنْدَقْنَ tuḵandaqna |
يُخَنْدَقْنَ yuḵandaqna | |||||||
Declension
Declension of noun خَنْدَق (ḵandaq)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | خَنْدَق ḵandaq |
الْخَنْدَق al-ḵandaq |
خَنْدَق ḵandaq |
| Nominative | خَنْدَقٌ ḵandaqun |
الْخَنْدَقُ al-ḵandaqu |
خَنْدَقُ ḵandaqu |
| Accusative | خَنْدَقًا ḵandaqan |
الْخَنْدَقَ al-ḵandaqa |
خَنْدَقَ ḵandaqa |
| Genitive | خَنْدَقٍ ḵandaqin |
الْخَنْدَقِ al-ḵandaqi |
خَنْدَقِ ḵandaqi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | خَنْدَقَيْن ḵandaqayn |
الْخَنْدَقَيْن al-ḵandaqayn |
خَنْدَقَيْ ḵandaqay |
| Nominative | خَنْدَقَانِ ḵandaqāni |
الْخَنْدَقَانِ al-ḵandaqāni |
خَنْدَقَا ḵandaqā |
| Accusative | خَنْدَقَيْنِ ḵandaqayni |
الْخَنْدَقَيْنِ al-ḵandaqayni |
خَنْدَقَيْ ḵandaqay |
| Genitive | خَنْدَقَيْنِ ḵandaqayni |
الْخَنْدَقَيْنِ al-ḵandaqayni |
خَنْدَقَيْ ḵandaqay |
| Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | خَنَادِق ḵanādiq |
الْخَنَادِق al-ḵanādiq |
خَنَادِق ḵanādiq |
| Nominative | خَنَادِقُ ḵanādiqu |
الْخَنَادِقُ al-ḵanādiqu |
خَنَادِقُ ḵanādiqu |
| Accusative | خَنَادِقَ ḵanādiqa |
الْخَنَادِقَ al-ḵanādiqa |
خَنَادِقَ ḵanādiqa |
| Genitive | خَنَادِقَ ḵanādiqa |
الْخَنَادِقِ al-ḵanādiqi |
خَنَادِقِ ḵanādiqi |
Descendants
- → Koine Greek: χάνδαξ (khándax)
- ⇒ Byzantine Greek: χανδάκιον (khandákion)
- Greek: χαντάκι (chantáki)
- ⇒ Byzantine Greek: χανδάκιον (khandákion)
- → Kurdish: xendek, xendeq
- → Middle Armenian: խէնդէկ (xēndēk), խէնտէկ (xēntēk), խանտակ (xantak)
- → Old Armenian: խանդակ (xandak)
- → Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (hendek)
- → Persian: خندق (xandaq)
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: खन्दक (khandak)
- Urdu: خندق (xandaq)
- → Hindustani:
- → Tajik: хандақ (xandaq)
- → Uzbek: xandaq
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “խանդակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 330b
Persian
Alternative forms
- کنده (kanda)
- کندک (kandak)
- خندک (xandak)
Etymology
From Arabic خَنْدَق (ḵandaq), from Middle Persian *handag (whence Persian هندک (handak, “moat”)).
Descendants
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: खन्दक (khandak)
- Urdu: خندق (xandaq)
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