حور

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ح و ر‎ (ḥ-w-r).
The Arabic term for the poplar is probably borrowed from Classical Syriac ܚܘܪܐ‎ (ḥawwərā), considering that
1. the range of distribution of the white poplar is outside Arabia, but inside the Aramaic language area
2. the Syriac root as well as this Syriac word are in broader use for terms related to whiteness in general and in botanical application
3. the Arabic has multiple vocalizations, ḥawwar, ḥawar, hawr (dialectally also ḥōr and ḥūr), of which ḥawwar sounds foreign for a plant name
But the insinuation by Alexander Borg 2007 that every Arabic word in this root denoting whiteness is a “substratal reflex” from Aramaic is to be dismissed. Such a separation is not conceivable: The Arabic root means in as much “contrasting white” as it means “returning”, “changing one’s position or state”. In the same section Borg fails to earmark يَرَقَان‎ (yaraqān, “blight; jaundice”) as Aramaic-borrowed or to outline any causally plausible chronology of color expressions.

Verb

حَوِرَ • (ḥawira) I, non-past يَحْوَرُ‎‎ (yaḥwaru)

to be intensely white

Conjugation

Conjugation of

حَوِرَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun حَوَر)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					حَوَر ḥawar
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					حَاوِر‎ ḥāwir
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حَوِرْتُ‎ ḥawirtu	حَوِرْتَ‎ ḥawirta	حَوِرَ ḥawira	حَوِرْتُمَا‎ ḥawirtumā	حَوِرَا‎ ḥawirā	حَوِرْنَا‎ ḥawirnā	حَوِرْتُمْ‎ ḥawirtum	حَوِرُوا‎ ḥawirū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	حَوِرْتُ‎ ḥawirtu	حَوِرْتِ‎ ḥawirti	حَوِرَتْ‎ ḥawirat	حَوِرْتُمَا‎ ḥawirtumā	حَوِرَتَا‎ ḥawiratā	حَوِرْنَا‎ ḥawirnā	حَوِرْتُنَّ‎ ḥawirtunna	حَوِرْنَ‎ ḥawirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أَحْوَرُ‎ ʾaḥwaru	تَحْوَرُ‎ taḥwaru	يَحْوَرُ‎ yaḥwaru	تَحْوَرَانِ‎ taḥwarāni	يَحْوَرَانِ‎ yaḥwarāni	نَحْوَرُ‎ naḥwaru	تَحْوَرُونَ‎ taḥwarūna	يَحْوَرُونَ‎ yaḥwarūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أَحْوَرُ‎ ʾaḥwaru	تَحْوَرِينَ‎ taḥwarīna	تَحْوَرُ‎ taḥwaru	تَحْوَرَانِ‎ taḥwarāni	تَحْوَرَانِ‎ taḥwarāni	نَحْوَرُ‎ naḥwaru	تَحْوَرْنَ‎ taḥwarna	يَحْوَرْنَ‎ yaḥwarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَحْوَرَ‎ ʾaḥwara	تَحْوَرَ‎ taḥwara	يَحْوَرَ‎ yaḥwara	تَحْوَرَا‎ taḥwarā	يَحْوَرَا‎ yaḥwarā	نَحْوَرَ‎ naḥwara	تَحْوَرُوا‎ taḥwarū	يَحْوَرُوا‎ yaḥwarū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَحْوَرَ‎ ʾaḥwara	تَحْوَرِي‎ taḥwarī	تَحْوَرَ‎ taḥwara	تَحْوَرَا‎ taḥwarā	تَحْوَرَا‎ taḥwarā	نَحْوَرَ‎ naḥwara	تَحْوَرْنَ‎ taḥwarna	يَحْوَرْنَ‎ yaḥwarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَحْوَرْ‎ ʾaḥwar	تَحْوَرْ‎ taḥwar	يَحْوَرْ‎ yaḥwar	تَحْوَرَا‎ taḥwarā	يَحْوَرَا‎ yaḥwarā	نَحْوَرْ‎ naḥwar	تَحْوَرُوا‎ taḥwarū	يَحْوَرُوا‎ yaḥwarū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَحْوَرْ‎ ʾaḥwar	تَحْوَرِي‎ taḥwarī	تَحْوَرْ‎ taḥwar	تَحْوَرَا‎ taḥwarā	تَحْوَرَا‎ taḥwarā	نَحْوَرْ‎ naḥwar	تَحْوَرْنَ‎ taḥwarna	يَحْوَرْنَ‎ yaḥwarna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِحْوَرْ‎ iḥwar		اِحْوَرَا‎ iḥwarā			اِحْوَرُوا‎ iḥwarū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِحْوَرِي‎ iḥwarī		اِحْوَرَا‎ iḥwarā			اِحْوَرْنَ‎ iḥwarna

Verb

حَوَّرَ • (ḥawwara) II, non-past يُحَوِّرُ‎‎ (yuḥawwiru)

to make return
to alter, to modify
to turn about, to twist, to roll
to whiten, to bleach

Conjugation

Conjugation of

حَوَّرَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَحْوِير‎ taḥwīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُحَوِّر‎ muḥawwir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُحَوَّر‎ muḥawwar
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حَوَّرْتُ‎ ḥawwartu	حَوَّرْتَ‎ ḥawwarta	حَوَّرَ ḥawwara	حَوَّرْتُمَا‎ ḥawwartumā	حَوَّرَا‎ ḥawwarā	حَوَّرْنَا‎ ḥawwarnā	حَوَّرْتُمْ‎ ḥawwartum	حَوَّرُوا‎ ḥawwarū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	حَوَّرْتُ‎ ḥawwartu	حَوَّرْتِ‎ ḥawwarti	حَوَّرَتْ‎ ḥawwarat	حَوَّرْتُمَا‎ ḥawwartumā	حَوَّرَتَا‎ ḥawwaratā	حَوَّرْنَا‎ ḥawwarnā	حَوَّرْتُنَّ‎ ḥawwartunna	حَوَّرْنَ‎ ḥawwarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أُحَوِّرُ‎ ʾuḥawwiru	تُحَوِّرُ‎ tuḥawwiru	يُحَوِّرُ‎ yuḥawwiru	تُحَوِّرَانِ‎ tuḥawwirāni	يُحَوِّرَانِ‎ yuḥawwirāni	نُحَوِّرُ‎ nuḥawwiru	تُحَوِّرُونَ‎ tuḥawwirūna	يُحَوِّرُونَ‎ yuḥawwirūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أُحَوِّرُ‎ ʾuḥawwiru	تُحَوِّرِينَ‎ tuḥawwirīna	تُحَوِّرُ‎ tuḥawwiru	تُحَوِّرَانِ‎ tuḥawwirāni	تُحَوِّرَانِ‎ tuḥawwirāni	نُحَوِّرُ‎ nuḥawwiru	تُحَوِّرْنَ‎ tuḥawwirna	يُحَوِّرْنَ‎ yuḥawwirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُحَوِّرَ‎ ʾuḥawwira	تُحَوِّرَ‎ tuḥawwira	يُحَوِّرَ‎ yuḥawwira	تُحَوِّرَا‎ tuḥawwirā	يُحَوِّرَا‎ yuḥawwirā	نُحَوِّرَ‎ nuḥawwira	تُحَوِّرُوا‎ tuḥawwirū	يُحَوِّرُوا‎ yuḥawwirū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُحَوِّرَ‎ ʾuḥawwira	تُحَوِّرِي‎ tuḥawwirī	تُحَوِّرَ‎ tuḥawwira	تُحَوِّرَا‎ tuḥawwirā	تُحَوِّرَا‎ tuḥawwirā	نُحَوِّرَ‎ nuḥawwira	تُحَوِّرْنَ‎ tuḥawwirna	يُحَوِّرْنَ‎ yuḥawwirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُحَوِّرْ‎ ʾuḥawwir	تُحَوِّرْ‎ tuḥawwir	يُحَوِّرْ‎ yuḥawwir	تُحَوِّرَا‎ tuḥawwirā	يُحَوِّرَا‎ yuḥawwirā	نُحَوِّرْ‎ nuḥawwir	تُحَوِّرُوا‎ tuḥawwirū	يُحَوِّرُوا‎ yuḥawwirū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُحَوِّرْ‎ ʾuḥawwir	تُحَوِّرِي‎ tuḥawwirī	تُحَوِّرْ‎ tuḥawwir	تُحَوِّرَا‎ tuḥawwirā	تُحَوِّرَا‎ tuḥawwirā	نُحَوِّرْ‎ nuḥawwir	تُحَوِّرْنَ‎ tuḥawwirna	يُحَوِّرْنَ‎ yuḥawwirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		حَوِّرْ ḥawwir		حَوِّرَا‎ ḥawwirā			حَوِّرُوا‎ ḥawwirū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		حَوِّرِي‎ ḥawwirī		حَوِّرَا‎ ḥawwirā			حَوِّرْنَ‎ ḥawwirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حُوِّرْتُ‎ ḥuwwirtu	حُوِّرْتَ‎ ḥuwwirta	حُوِّرَ ḥuwwira	حُوِّرْتُمَا‎ ḥuwwirtumā	حُوِّرَا‎ ḥuwwirā	حُوِّرْنَا‎ ḥuwwirnā	حُوِّرْتُمْ‎ ḥuwwirtum	حُوِّرُوا‎ ḥuwwirū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	حُوِّرْتُ‎ ḥuwwirtu	حُوِّرْتِ‎ ḥuwwirti	حُوِّرَتْ‎ ḥuwwirat	حُوِّرْتُمَا‎ ḥuwwirtumā	حُوِّرَتَا‎ ḥuwwiratā	حُوِّرْنَا‎ ḥuwwirnā	حُوِّرْتُنَّ‎ ḥuwwirtunna	حُوِّرْنَ‎ ḥuwwirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أُحَوَّرُ‎ ʾuḥawwaru	تُحَوَّرُ‎ tuḥawwaru	يُحَوَّرُ‎ yuḥawwaru	تُحَوَّرَانِ‎ tuḥawwarāni	يُحَوَّرَانِ‎ yuḥawwarāni	نُحَوَّرُ‎ nuḥawwaru	تُحَوَّرُونَ‎ tuḥawwarūna	يُحَوَّرُونَ‎ yuḥawwarūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أُحَوَّرُ‎ ʾuḥawwaru	تُحَوَّرِينَ‎ tuḥawwarīna	تُحَوَّرُ‎ tuḥawwaru	تُحَوَّرَانِ‎ tuḥawwarāni	تُحَوَّرَانِ‎ tuḥawwarāni	نُحَوَّرُ‎ nuḥawwaru	تُحَوَّرْنَ‎ tuḥawwarna	يُحَوَّرْنَ‎ yuḥawwarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُحَوَّرَ‎ ʾuḥawwara	تُحَوَّرَ‎ tuḥawwara	يُحَوَّرَ‎ yuḥawwara	تُحَوَّرَا‎ tuḥawwarā	يُحَوَّرَا‎ yuḥawwarā	نُحَوَّرَ‎ nuḥawwara	تُحَوَّرُوا‎ tuḥawwarū	يُحَوَّرُوا‎ yuḥawwarū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُحَوَّرَ‎ ʾuḥawwara	تُحَوَّرِي‎ tuḥawwarī	تُحَوَّرَ‎ tuḥawwara	تُحَوَّرَا‎ tuḥawwarā	تُحَوَّرَا‎ tuḥawwarā	نُحَوَّرَ‎ nuḥawwara	تُحَوَّرْنَ‎ tuḥawwarna	يُحَوَّرْنَ‎ yuḥawwarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُحَوَّرْ‎ ʾuḥawwar	تُحَوَّرْ‎ tuḥawwar	يُحَوَّرْ‎ yuḥawwar	تُحَوَّرَا‎ tuḥawwarā	يُحَوَّرَا‎ yuḥawwarā	نُحَوَّرْ‎ nuḥawwar	تُحَوَّرُوا‎ tuḥawwarū	يُحَوَّرُوا‎ yuḥawwarū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُحَوَّرْ‎ ʾuḥawwar	تُحَوَّرِي‎ tuḥawwarī	تُحَوَّرْ‎ tuḥawwar	تُحَوَّرَا‎ tuḥawwarā	تُحَوَّرَا‎ tuḥawwarā	نُحَوَّرْ‎ nuḥawwar	تُحَوَّرْنَ‎ tuḥawwarna	يُحَوَّرْنَ‎ yuḥawwarna

Noun

حَوْر • (ḥawr) m

verbal noun of حَارَ‎ (ḥāra) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun حَوْر (ḥawr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَوْر ḥawr	الْحَوْر‎ al-ḥawr	حَوْر ḥawr
Nominative	حَوْرٌ ḥawrun	الْحَوْرُ‎ al-ḥawru	حَوْرُ ḥawru
Accusative	حَوْرًا‎ ḥawran	الْحَوْرَ‎ al-ḥawra	حَوْرَ ḥawra
Genitive	حَوْرٍ ḥawrin	الْحَوْرِ‎ al-ḥawri	حَوْرِ ḥawri

Noun

حَوَر • (ḥawar) m

verbal noun of حَوِرَ (ḥawira) (form I)
1. intense whiteness

Declension

Declension of noun حَوَر (ḥawar)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَوَر ḥawar	الْحَوَر‎ al-ḥawar	حَوَر ḥawar
Nominative	حَوَرٌ ḥawarun	الْحَوَرُ‎ al-ḥawaru	حَوَرُ ḥawaru
Accusative	حَوَرًا‎ ḥawaran	الْحَوَرَ‎ al-ḥawara	حَوَرَ ḥawara
Genitive	حَوَرٍ ḥawarin	الْحَوَرِ‎ al-ḥawari	حَوَرِ ḥawari

Noun

حَوَر

حَوَّر or حَوَر or حَوْر • (ḥawwar or ḥawar or ḥawr) m

poplar (Populus)

Declension

Declension of noun حَوَّر (ḥawwar)‎; حَوَر (ḥawar)‎; حَوْر (ḥawr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَوَّر‎; حَوَر‎; حَوْر ḥawwar‎; ḥawar‎; ḥawr	الْحَوَّر‎‎; الْحَوَر‎‎; الْحَوْر‎ al-ḥawwar‎; al-ḥawar‎; al-ḥawr	حَوَّر‎; حَوَر‎; حَوْر ḥawwar‎; ḥawar‎; ḥawr
Nominative	حَوَّرٌ‎; حَوَرٌ‎; حَوْرٌ ḥawwarun‎; ḥawarun‎; ḥawrun	الْحَوَّرُ‎‎; الْحَوَرُ‎‎; الْحَوْرُ‎ al-ḥawwaru‎; al-ḥawaru‎; al-ḥawru	حَوَّرُ‎; حَوَرُ‎; حَوْرُ ḥawwaru‎; ḥawaru‎; ḥawru
Accusative	حَوَّرًا‎‎; حَوَرًا‎‎; حَوْرًا‎ ḥawwaran‎; ḥawaran‎; ḥawran	الْحَوَّرَ‎‎; الْحَوَرَ‎‎; الْحَوْرَ‎ al-ḥawwara‎; al-ḥawara‎; al-ḥawra	حَوَّرَ‎; حَوَرَ‎; حَوْرَ ḥawwara‎; ḥawara‎; ḥawra
Genitive	حَوَّرٍ‎; حَوَرٍ‎; حَوْرٍ ḥawwarin‎; ḥawarin‎; ḥawrin	الْحَوَّرِ‎‎; الْحَوَرِ‎‎; الْحَوْرِ‎ al-ḥawwari‎; al-ḥawari‎; al-ḥawri	حَوَّرِ‎; حَوَرِ‎; حَوْرِ ḥawwari‎; ḥawari‎; ḥawri

Descendants

→ Middle Armenian: հավր (havr, “white poplar”)

Noun

حَوَر • (ḥawar) m (collective, singulative حَوَرَة‎ (ḥawara), plural حَوَرَان‎ (ḥawarān) or حُورَان‎ (ḥūrān) or أَحْوَار‎ (ʾaḥwār))

intensely white, yellow or red hides of which receptacles are made or covered

Declension

Declension of noun حَوَر (ḥawar)

Collective	basic collective triptote
Collective	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَوَر ḥawar	الْحَوَر‎ al-ḥawar	حَوَر ḥawar
Nominative	حَوَرٌ ḥawarun	الْحَوَرُ‎ al-ḥawaru	حَوَرُ ḥawaru
Accusative	حَوَرًا‎ ḥawaran	الْحَوَرَ‎ al-ḥawara	حَوَرَ ḥawara
Genitive	حَوَرٍ ḥawarin	الْحَوَرِ‎ al-ḥawari	حَوَرِ ḥawari
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singulative	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَوَرَة‎ ḥawara	الْحَوَرَة‎ al-ḥawara	حَوَرَة‎ ḥawarat
Nominative	حَوَرَةٌ‎ ḥawaratun	الْحَوَرَةُ‎ al-ḥawaratu	حَوَرَةُ‎ ḥawaratu
Accusative	حَوَرَةً‎ ḥawaratan	الْحَوَرَةَ‎ al-ḥawarata	حَوَرَةَ‎ ḥawarata
Genitive	حَوَرَةٍ‎ ḥawaratin	الْحَوَرَةِ‎ al-ḥawarati	حَوَرَةِ‎ ḥawarati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَوَرَتَيْن‎ ḥawaratayn	الْحَوَرَتَيْن‎ al-ḥawaratayn	حَوَرَتَيْ‎ ḥawaratay
Nominative	حَوَرَتَانِ‎ ḥawaratāni	الْحَوَرَتَانِ‎ al-ḥawaratāni	حَوَرَتَا‎ ḥawaratā
Accusative	حَوَرَتَيْنِ‎ ḥawaratayni	الْحَوَرَتَيْنِ‎ al-ḥawaratayni	حَوَرَتَيْ‎ ḥawaratay
Genitive	حَوَرَتَيْنِ‎ ḥawaratayni	الْحَوَرَتَيْنِ‎ al-ḥawaratayni	حَوَرَتَيْ‎ ḥawaratay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
Paucal (3-10)	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَوَرَات‎ ḥawarāt	الْحَوَرَات‎ al-ḥawarāt	حَوَرَات‎ ḥawarāt
Nominative	حَوَرَاتٌ‎ ḥawarātun	الْحَوَرَاتُ‎ al-ḥawarātu	حَوَرَاتُ‎ ḥawarātu
Accusative	حَوَرَاتٍ‎ ḥawarātin	الْحَوَرَاتِ‎ al-ḥawarāti	حَوَرَاتِ‎ ḥawarāti
Genitive	حَوَرَاتٍ‎ ḥawarātin	الْحَوَرَاتِ‎ al-ḥawarāti	حَوَرَاتِ‎ ḥawarāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural triptote
Plural of variety	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَوَرَان‎‎; حُورَان‎‎; أَحْوَار‎ ḥawarān‎; ḥūrān‎; ʾaḥwār	الْحَوَرَان‎‎; الْحُورَان‎‎; الْأَحْوَار‎ al-ḥawarān‎; al-ḥūrān‎; al-ʾaḥwār	حَوَرَان‎‎; حُورَان‎‎; أَحْوَار‎ ḥawarān‎; ḥūrān‎; ʾaḥwār
Nominative	حَوَرَانٌ‎‎; حُورَانٌ‎‎; أَحْوَارٌ‎ ḥawarānun‎; ḥūrānun‎; ʾaḥwārun	الْحَوَرَانُ‎‎; الْحُورَانُ‎‎; الْأَحْوَارُ‎ al-ḥawarānu‎; al-ḥūrānu‎; al-ʾaḥwāru	حَوَرَانُ‎‎; حُورَانُ‎‎; أَحْوَارُ‎ ḥawarānu‎; ḥūrānu‎; ʾaḥwāru
Accusative	حَوَرَانًا‎‎; حُورَانًا‎‎; أَحْوَارًا‎ ḥawarānan‎; ḥūrānan‎; ʾaḥwāran	الْحَوَرَانَ‎‎; الْحُورَانَ‎‎; الْأَحْوَارَ‎ al-ḥawarāna‎; al-ḥūrāna‎; al-ʾaḥwāra	حَوَرَانَ‎‎; حُورَانَ‎‎; أَحْوَارَ‎ ḥawarāna‎; ḥūrāna‎; ʾaḥwāra
Genitive	حَوَرَانٍ‎‎; حُورَانٍ‎‎; أَحْوَارٍ‎ ḥawarānin‎; ḥūrānin‎; ʾaḥwārin	الْحَوَرَانِ‎‎; الْحُورَانِ‎‎; الْأَحْوَارِ‎ al-ḥawarāni‎; al-ḥūrāni‎; al-ʾaḥwāri	حَوَرَانِ‎‎; حُورَانِ‎‎; أَحْوَارِ‎ ḥawarāni‎; ḥūrāni‎; ʾaḥwāri

Adjective

حُور • (ḥūr) m pl

plural of أَحْوَر‎ (ʾaḥwar)

References

“ḥwr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
“ḥwr²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Borg, Alexander (2007), Robert E. MacLaury, Galina V. Paramei, Don Dedrick, editors, Towards a history and typology of color categorization in colloquial Arabic, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing, →ISBN, pages 269–271
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 32
Freytag, Georg (1830), “حور”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 439–440
Lane, Edward William (1863), “حور”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 665
Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 322–340
Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “حور”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 302

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