بالدران

Ottoman Turkish
بالدران

Etymology

Akin to Azerbaijani baldırğan (“hogweed”), Kazakh балдырған (baldırğan, “hogweed”), убалдырған (wbaldırğan, “hemlock”), Kyrgyz балтыркан (baltırkan, “hogweed”), Bashkir балтырған (baltïrğan, “hogweed”), Tatar балтырган (baltırgan, “hogweed”), Chuvash пултран (pultran) and пултӑран (pultăran, “hogweed”), Khakas палтырған (paltırğan, “angelica; hogweed”). Passed into Northwest Caucasian: Kabardian батыргъэн (bātərġăn, “hogweed”), Adyghe батыргъэн (bātərġăn, “hogweed”), and into Western Mari палдыран (paldyran, “hogweed”).

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic, reflected as
Middle Mongolian ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ (balčirɣan-a, “false hellebore; angelica”), composed as ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”) + plant name suffix  ᠭᠠᠨᠠ (-ɣana),
Mongolian балчиргана (balčirgana, “false hellebore; angelica”), composed as балчир (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”) + plant name suffix -гана (-gana)

Note how German Baldrian and its Romance appendage Medieval Latin valeriāna from which English valerian, distorted after the verb valēre (“to be powerful”) or also the gentilic name Valerius, derive from this Turkic and Mongolic word, as does Hungarian bojtorján for the burdock – consider the Pannonian Avars for context, direct neighbours of the Germans from the late 6th to the early 9th century. The Slavic designation of the valerian that can be reconstructed for the timeframe in question is already a calque of the Latin, *odolěnъ.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /bɑɫdɯˈɾɑn/

Noun

بالدران • (baldıran)

  1. poison hemlock (Conium maculatum)

Descendants
  • Turkish: baldıran
  • → Armenian: պալտըրան (paltəran)

References
  • Meyer, Gustav (1892), “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 28 (wrongly derives Turkish from Italian)
  • “Baldrian” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (deems the German and Latinate word unexplainable as of 2019)
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