إله

See also: أله‎, اله‎, آله‎, and آلة‎

Arabic

Alternative forms

إِلَاه‎ (ʾilāh)

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ʾil- with a vocative suffix ـَاه‎ (-āh) which is else only sporadically attested in Arabic but has left its trace in the -ā vocatives of أَب‎ (ʾab, “father”), أَخ‎ (ʾaḵ, “brother”), حَم‎ (ḥam, “father-in-law”). Forms a root ء ل ه‎ (ʾ-l-h).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔi.laːh/
- Egypt: IPA^(key): [ʔeˈlæːh]
- Levant: IPA^(key): [ʔɪˈlaːh]
- Central Arabia: IPA^(key): [ʔɪˈlæːh]
- West Arabia: IPA^(key): [ʔeˈlaːh]
- Persian Gulf: IPA^(key): [ʔɪˈlɑːh]
- Tunisia: IPA^(key): [iˈlɛːh]
- Algeria: IPA^(key): [ilɛh]
- Morocco: IPA^(key): [ʔilæh], colloquially IPA^(key): [ʔlæh]

Noun

إِلٰه • (ʾilāh) m (plural آلِهَة‎ (ʾāliha), feminine إِلَاهَة‎ (ʾilāha) or إِلٰهَة‎ (ʾilāha))

god, deity (generic)

Declension

Declension of noun إِلٰه (ʾilāh)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	إِلٰه ʾilāh	الْإِلٰه‎ al-ʾilāh	إِلٰه ʾilāh
Nominative	إِلٰهٌ ʾilāhun	الْإِلٰهُ‎ al-ʾilāhu	إِلٰهُ ʾilāhu
Accusative	إِلٰهًا‎ ʾilāhan	الْإِلٰهَ‎ al-ʾilāha	إِلٰهَ ʾilāha
Genitive	إِلٰهٍ ʾilāhin	الْإِلٰهِ‎ al-ʾilāhi	إِلٰهِ ʾilāhi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	إِلٰهَيْن‎‎; إلَاهَيْن‎ ʾilāhayn‎; ʾilāhayn	الْإِلٰهَيْن‎‎; الْإلَاهَيْن‎ al-ʾilāhayn‎; al-ʾilāhayn	إِلٰهَيْ‎‎; إلَاهَيْ‎ ʾilāhay‎; ʾilāhay
Nominative	إِلٰهَانِ‎‎; إلَاهَانِ‎ ʾilāhāni‎; ʾilāhāni	الْإِلٰهَانِ‎‎; الْإلَاهَانِ‎ al-ʾilāhāni‎; al-ʾilāhāni	إِلٰهَا‎‎; إلَاهَا‎ ʾilāhā‎; ʾilāhā
Accusative	إِلٰهَيْنِ‎‎; إلَاهَيْنِ‎ ʾilāhayni‎; ʾilāhayni	الْإِلٰهَيْنِ‎‎; الْإلَاهَيْنِ‎ al-ʾilāhayni‎; al-ʾilāhayni	إِلٰهَيْ‎‎; إلَاهَيْ‎ ʾilāhay‎; ʾilāhay
Genitive	إِلٰهَيْنِ‎‎; إلَاهَيْنِ‎ ʾilāhayni‎; ʾilāhayni	الْإِلٰهَيْنِ‎‎; الْإلَاهَيْنِ‎ al-ʾilāhayni‎; al-ʾilāhayni	إِلٰهَيْ‎‎; إلَاهَيْ‎ ʾilāhay‎; ʾilāhay
Plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	آلِهَة‎ ʾāliha	الْآلِهَة‎ al-ʾāliha	آلِهَة‎ ʾālihat
Nominative	آلِهَةٌ‎ ʾālihatun	الْآلِهَةُ‎ al-ʾālihatu	آلِهَةُ‎ ʾālihatu
Accusative	آلِهَةً‎ ʾālihatan	الْآلِهَةَ‎ al-ʾālihata	آلِهَةَ‎ ʾālihata
Genitive	آلِهَةٍ‎ ʾālihatin	الْآلِهَةِ‎ al-ʾālihati	آلِهَةِ‎ ʾālihati

Related terms

الْإِلَاه‎ (al-ʾilāh)
اللّٰه‎ (allāh, “God”)
إِلٰهِيّ‎ (ʾilāhiyy, “divine”)
إِلٰهِيَّات‎ (ʾilāhiyyāt, “theology”)
أُلُوهِيَّة‎ (ʾulūhiyya, “godhood”)
اللَّات‎ (al-lāt, “Allat”)

References

Bauer, Hans (1915), “Semitische Sprachprobleme. 5. Die Verwandtschaftsnamen und ilāh „Gott“ im Semitischen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (in German), volume 69, page 561
Wehr, Hans (1979), “ءله”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

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