קדם

See also: ק־ד־ם‎

Aramaic

Etymology

From the root Proto-Semitic *q-d-m (“to precede, come before”). Compare Arabic قَدَمَ‎ (qadama), Hebrew קדם‎ and Classical Syriac ܩܕܡ‎.

Alternative forms

ܩܕܡ‎
𐡒𐡃𐡌‎ (qdm)

Verb

קדם • (qəḏam)

to precede, to come before

Preposition

קֳדָם • (qŏḏām)

before, in front of

Antonyms

בתר‎

References

“qdm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Jastrow, Marcus (1903) A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons
Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press

Hebrew

Root
ק־ד־ם‎

Etymology

From the root Proto-Semitic *q-d-m (“to precede, come before”) related to preceding. Compare Arabic قَدَمَ‎ (qadama) and Classical Syriac ܩܕܡ‎.

Noun

קֶדֶם • (kédem) m [pattern: קֶטֶל]

front
(biblical) east (cardinal direction)
- Genesis 12:8, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
  ‏וַיַּעְתֵּק מִ שָּׁם הָ הָרָה מִקֶּדֶם לְבֵית־אֵל וַיֵּט אָהֳלֹה בֵּית־אֵל מִ יָּם וְהָעַי מִקֶּדֶם וַיִּבֶן־שָׁם מִזְבֵּחַ לַ יהוָה וַיִּקְרָא בְּ שֵׁם יְהוָה׃‎‎
  vaya'ték mishám hahára mikédem l'veit-'él vayét 'oholó beit-'él miyám v'ha'áy mikédem vayiven-shám mizbéakh laYHVH vayikrá b'shém YHVH.
  wayyaʿtēq miššām hāhā́rā miqqéḏem ləḇēṯ-ʾēl wayyēṭ ʾohŏlō bēṯ-ʾēl miyyām wəhāʿay miqqéḏem wayyiḇen-šām mizbḗaḥ laYHWH wayyiqrā bəšēm YHWH.
  And he removed from thence unto the mountain on the east of Beth-el, and pitched his tent, having Beth-el on the west, and Ai on the east; and he builded there an altar unto the LORD, and called upon the name of the LORD.
ancient times
- Lamentations 5:21, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
  ‏הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ יְהוָה אֵלֶיךָ ונשוב (וְ נָשׁוּבָה) חַדֵּשׁ יָמֵינוּ כְּקֶדֶם׃‎‎
  hashivénu YHVH 'elékha v'nashúva khadésh yaméinu k'kédem.
  hăšīḇḗnū YHWH ʾēléḵā wənāšū́ḇā ḥaddēš yāmḗnū kəqéḏem.
  Turn Thou us unto Thee, O LORD, and we shall be turned; renew our days as of old.

Synonyms

(compass point) מזרח‎

Verb

קָדַם • (kadám) (pa'al construction)

to precede, to come before

Conjugation

Conjugation of קָדַם (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)

finite forms		singular		plural
non-finite forms		to-infinitive: לקדום \ לִקְדֹּם‎ action noun: קְדִימָה‎ passive participle: קָדוּם‎
finite forms		m.	f.	m.	f.
past	first	קָדַמְתִּי‎		קָדַמְנוּ‎
	second	קָדַמְתָּ‎	קָדַמְתְּ‎	קְדַמְתֶּם‎¹	קְדַמְתֶּן‎¹
	third	קָדַם	קָדְמָה‎	קָדְמוּ‎
present		קוֹדֵם‎	קוֹדֶמֶת‎	קוֹדְמִים‎	קוֹדְמוֹת‎
future	first	אֶקְדַּם‎		נִקְדַּם‎
	second	תִּקְדַּם‎	תִּקְדְּמִי‎	תִּקְדְּמוּ‎	תִּקְדַּמְנָה‎²
	third	יִקְדַּם‎	תִּקְדַּם‎	יִקְדְּמוּ‎	תִּקְדַּמְנָה‎²
imperative		קְדַם	קִדְמִי‎	קִדְמוּ‎	קְדַמְנָה‎²
notes		Pronounced קָדַמְתֶּם‎ and קָדַמְתֶּן‎ in informal Modern Hebrew. Uncommon in Modern Hebrew.

Prefix

קְדַם־‎ • (kdám-)

pre-

Verb

קִדֵּם • (kidém) (pi'el construction)

defective spelling of קידם‎.

Preposition

קֹדֶם • (kódem)

defective spelling of קודם‎.

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