դղեակ
Old Armenian
Etymology
Abulaje connects with Old Georgian დილეგი (dilegi, “fortress; dungeon”) and derives both from an unknown Iranian source.[1] Found also in other Kartvelian languages: Laz დილეღი (dileɣi), Mingrelian დილეკი (dileḳi), Svan დჷლიგ (dəlig). This is accepted by Ačaṙean, who specifies that the Armenian is borrowed from Early Middle Persian and the Georgian from Late Middle Persian because of the well-known k → g development in Middle Persian. He also adduces Arabic دَوْلَج (dawlaj, “lair of wild animals, cavern, subterranean dwelling”) as borrowed from Late Middle Persian *dileg.[2][3]
The sense development “fortress” → “dungeon” is common. Compare Armenian բերդ (berd, “fortress; dungeon”).
For a possible explanation of the Iranian etymon, compare Northern Kurdish dîl, Southern Kurdish, Central Kurdish دیل (dîl), Bakhtiari دیل (δīł, “prisoner”) and the suffix -եակ (-eak).
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | դղեակ (dłeak) | դղեակք (dłeakkʿ) | |
| genitive | դղեկի (dłeki) | դղեկաց (dłekacʿ) | |
| dative | դղեկի (dłeki) | դղեկաց (dłekacʿ) | |
| accusative | դղեակ (dłeak) | դղեակս (dłeaks) | |
| ablative | դղեկէ (dłekē) | դղեկաց (dłekacʿ) | |
| instrumental | դղեկաւ (dłekaw) | դղեկաւք = դղեկօք (dłekawkʿ = dłekōkʿ) | |
| locative | դղեկի (dłeki) | դղեակս (dłeaks) |
Derived terms
- դղեակապարիսպ (dłeakaparisp)
- դղեակբերդ (dłeakberd)
- դղեկաձեւ (dłekajew)
- դղեկքաղաք (dłekkʿałakʿ)
Descendants
- Middle Armenian: դղեկ (dłek)
- → Armenian: դղյակ (dłyak)
References
- Abulaje, Ilia (1944), ““Dłeak” baṙi stugabanutʿyunə [The Etymology of the Word Dłeak]”, in Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR: Social Sciences (in Armenian), volume 1–2, pages 105–106
- Ačaṙyan, Hračʿya (1944), “Haykakankʿ A [Armeniaca I]”, in Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR: Social Sciences (in Armenian), volume 5, pages 26–27
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “Haykakankʿ (Armeniaca)”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 625–626
Further reading
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “դղեակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971), “դղեակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume I, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 673b
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “դղեակ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 200b
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “դղեակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy