ёрш

Russian

Etymology

Possibly from *jerъxь (“something thorny, jagged”), from *(j)erъx-.

Per Vasmer, the original meaning (still found dialectally) was "jagged nail". In the contemporary sense attested since late 15th century.

Cognate with Ukrainian йорж (jorž, “ruffe”). Compare also Russian еро́шить (jeróšitʹ, “to ruffle”), Russian еро́ховый (jeróxovyj, “branchy, gnarly”) (about a tree or wood, dialectal), Lithuanian erškė̃tis, Latvian ẽršk̨is (“thorn”).

Pronunciation

IPA(key): [jɵrʂ]

Noun

ёрш • (jorš) m anim or m inan (genitive ерша́, nominative plural ерши́, genitive plural ерше́й)

  1. ruff (Gymnocephalus cernua syn. Acerina cernua)
  2. bristle brush, bottle brush
  3. go-devil
  4. mixture of vodka and beer

Declension
Declension of ёрш (bian masc-form sibilant-stem accent-b) 
singular plural
nominative ёрш
jórš		 ерши́
jerší
genitive ерша́
jeršá		 ерше́й
jeršéj
dative ершу́
jeršú		 ерша́м
jeršám
accusative animate

inanimate		 ерша́
jeršá		 ерше́й
jeršéj
ёрш
jórš		 ерши́
jerší
instrumental ершо́м
jeršóm		 ерша́ми
jeršámi
prepositional ерше́
jeršé		 ерша́х
jeršáx

Derived terms
  • ёршик m (jóršik)
  • ерши́ться impf (jeršítʹsja)
  • ерши́стый (jeršístyj)

References
  • Kiparsky, Valentin (1975) Russische historische Grammatik. Band III: Entwicklung des Wortschatzes (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 171
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ерш”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv O. N., Moscow: Progress
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