ϣⲁⲓ

Coptic

Etymology 1

From Demotic ḫꜥ (“to rise, to be resplendent”), from

(ḫꜥj, “to appear”).

Verb

ϣⲁⲓ (šai)

(Bohairic) to shine

Conjugation

Conjugation of ϣⲁⲓ (Bohairic dialect)(See Appendix:Coptic verbs)

		singular					plural			Nominative
infinitive		ⲉϣⲁⲓ ešai	negative infinitive		ⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ eštemšai
imperative		ϣⲁⲓ šai	negative imperative		ⲙⲡⲉⲣϣⲁⲓ mperšai
		1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		1st person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟ	ⲛⲑⲟϥ	ⲛⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
present	simple present	ϯϣⲁⲓ tišai	ⲕϣⲁⲓ kšai	ⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ tešai	ϥϣⲁⲓ fšai	ⲥϣⲁⲓ sšai	ⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ tenšai	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ tetenšai	ⲥⲉϣⲁⲓ sešai	ϣⲁⲓ šai
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓϣⲁⲓ eišai	ⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ ekšai	ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ erešai	ⲉϥϣⲁⲓ efšai	ⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ esšai	ⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ enšai	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ eretenšai	ⲉⲩϣⲁⲓ eušai	ⲉⲣⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ ere - šai
	focalising	ⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ aišai	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ akšai	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ arešai	ⲁϥϣⲁⲓ afšai	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ asšai	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ anšai	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ aretenšai	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ aušai	ⲁⲣⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ are - šai
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ naišai	ⲛⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ nakšai	ⲛⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ narešai	ⲛⲁϥϣⲁⲓ nafšai	ⲛⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ nasšai	ⲛⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ nanšai	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ naretenšai	ⲛⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ naušai	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ nare - šai
	relative	ⲉϯϣⲁⲓ etišai	ⲉⲧⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ etekšai	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ etešai	ⲉⲧⲉϥϣⲁⲓ etefšai	ⲉⲧⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ etesšai	ⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ etenšai	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ etetenšai	ⲉⲧⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ etoušai	ⲉⲧⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ ete - šai
future	simple future	ϯⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ tinašai	ⲭⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ khnašai	ⲧⲉⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ tenašai	ϥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ fnašai	ⲥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ snašai	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ tennašai	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ tetenašai	ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ senašai	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ našai
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ einašai	ⲉⲭⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ ekhnašai	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ erenašai	ⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ efnašai	ⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ esnašai	ⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ ennašai	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ eretennašai	ⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ eunašai	ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ ere - našai
	focalising	ⲁⲓⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ ainašai	ⲁⲭⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ akhnašai	ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ arenašai	ⲁϥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ afnašai	ⲁⲥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ asnašai	ⲁⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ annašai	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ aretennašai	ⲁⲩⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ aunašai	ⲁⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ are - našai
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ nainašai	ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ nakhnašai	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ narenašai	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ nafnašai	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ nasnašai	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ nannašai	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ naretennašai	ⲛaⲩⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ naunašai	ⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ nare - našai
	unreal conditional	ⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ enainašai	ⲉⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ enakhnašai	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ enarenašai	ⲉⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ enafnašai	ⲉⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ enasnašai	ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ enannašai	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ enaretennašai	ⲉⲛaⲩⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ enaunašai	ⲉⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ enare - našai
	relative	ⲉϯⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etinašai	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etekhnašai	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etenašai	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etefnašai	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etesnašai	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etennašai	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etetennašai	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ etounašai	ⲉⲧⲉ - ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ ete - našai
Non-durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟ	ⲛⲑⲟϥ	ⲛⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
past	affirmative	ⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ aišai	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ akšai	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ arešai	ⲁϥϣⲁⲓ afšai	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ asšai	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ anšai	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ aretenšai	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ aušai	ⲁ - ϣⲁⲓ a - šai
	negative	ⲙⲡⲓϣⲁⲓ mpišai	ⲙⲡⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ mpekšai	ⲙⲡⲉϣⲁⲓ mpešai	ⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲁⲓ mpefšai	ⲙⲡⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ mpesšai	ⲙⲡⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ mpenšai	ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ mpetenšai	ⲙⲡⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ mpoušai	ⲙⲡⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ mpe - šai
	affirmative preterite	ⲛⲉⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ neaišai	ⲛⲉⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ neakšai	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ nearešai	ⲛⲉⲁϥϣⲁⲓ neafšai	ⲛⲉⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ neasšai	ⲛⲉⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ neanšai	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ nearetenšai	ⲛⲉⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ neaušai	ⲛⲉⲁ - ϣⲁⲓ nea - šai
	negative preterite	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϣⲁⲓ nempišai	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ nempekšai	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϣⲁⲓ nempešai	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲁⲓ nempefšai	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ nempesšai	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ nempenšai	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ nempetenšai	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ nempoušai	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ nempe - šai
	circumstantial	ⲉⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ eaišai	ⲉⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ eakšai	ⲉⲁϣⲁⲓ eašai	ⲉⲁϥϣⲁⲓ eafšai	ⲉⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ easšai	ⲉⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ eanšai	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ eatetenšai	ⲉⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ eaušai	ⲉⲁ - ϣⲁⲓ ea - šai
	focalising, relative, precursive	ⲉⲧⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ etaišai	ⲉⲧⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ etakšai	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ etarešai	ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲁⲓ etafšai	ⲉⲧⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ etasšai	ⲉⲧⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ etanšai	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ etaretenšai	ⲉⲧⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ etaušai	ⲉⲧⲁ - ϣⲁⲓ eta - šai
aorist	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ šaišai	ϣⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ šakšai	ϣⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ šarešai	ϣⲁϥϣⲁⲓ šafšai	ϣⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ šasšai	ϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ šanšai	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ šaretenšai	ϣⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ šaušai	ϣⲁⲣⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ šare - šai
aorist	negative	ⲙⲡⲁⲓϣⲁⲓ mpaišai	ⲙⲡⲁⲕϣⲁⲓ mpakšai	ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ mparešai	ⲙⲡⲁϥϣⲁⲓ mpafšai	ⲙⲡⲁⲥϣⲁⲓ mpasšai	ⲙⲡⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ mpanšai	ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ mparetenšai	ⲙⲡⲁⲩϣⲁⲓ mpaušai	ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ mpare - šai
optative	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉϣⲁⲓ eiešai	ⲉⲕⲉϣⲁⲓ ekešai	ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ erešai	ⲉϥⲉϣⲁⲓ efešai	ⲉⲥⲉϣⲁⲓ esešai	ⲉⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ enešai	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ eretenešai	ⲉⲩⲉϣⲁⲓ euešai	ⲉⲣⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ ere - šai
optative	negative	ⲛⲛⲁϣⲁⲓ nnašai	ⲛⲛⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ nnekšai	ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ nnešai	ⲛⲛⲉϥϣⲁⲓ nnefšai	ⲛⲛⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ nnesšai	ⲛⲛⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ nnenšai	ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ nnetenšai	ⲛⲛⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ nnoušai	ⲛⲛⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ nne - šai
jussive, causative	affirmative jussive	ⲙⲁⲣⲓϣⲁⲓ marišai	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ marekšai	ⲙⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ marešai	ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϣⲁⲓ marefšai	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ maresšai	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ marenšai	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ maretenšai	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ maroušai	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ mare - šai
	affirmative causative	ⲑⲣⲓϣⲁⲓ thrišai	ⲑⲣⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ threkšai	ⲑⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ threšai	ⲑⲣⲉϥϣⲁⲓ threfšai	ⲑⲣⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ thresšai	ⲑⲣⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ threnšai	ⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ thretenšai	ⲑⲣⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ throušai	ⲑⲣⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ thre - šai
	negative jussive, negative causative	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϣⲁⲓ mpenthrišai	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ mpenthrekšai	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϣⲁⲓ mpenthrešai	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϣⲁⲓ mpenthrefšai	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ mpenthresšai	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ mpenthrenšai	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ mpenthretenšai	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ mpenthroušai	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ mpenthre - šai
Subordinate clause
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟ	ⲛⲑⲟϥ	ⲛⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
real conditional	affirmative	ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ aišanšai	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ akšanšai	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ arešanšai	ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ afšanšai	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ asšanšai	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ anšanšai	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ aretenšanšai	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ aušanšai	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ - ϣⲁⲓ arešan - šai
real conditional	negative	ⲁⲓϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ aištemšai	ⲁⲕϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ akštemšai	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ areštemšai	ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ afštemšai	ⲁⲥϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ asštemšai	ⲁⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ anštemšai	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ aretenštemšai	ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ auštemšai	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ϣⲁⲓ areštem - šai
conjunctive	affirmative	ⲛⲧⲁϣⲁⲓ ntašai	ⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ ntekšai	ⲛⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ ntešai	ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲁⲓ ntefšai	ⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ ntesšai	ⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ ntenšai	ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ ntetenšai	ⲛⲥⲉϣⲁⲓ, ⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ nsešai, ntoušai	ⲛⲧⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ nte - šai
conjunctive	negative	ⲛⲧⲁϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ ntaštemšai	ⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ ntekštemšai	ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ nteštemšai	ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ ntefštemšai	ⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ ntesštemšai	ⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ ntenštemšai	ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ ntetenštemšai	ⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϣⲁⲓ ntouštemšai	ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ϣⲁⲓ nteštem - šai
limitive, expectative	limitative	ϣⲁϯϣⲁⲓ šatišai	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ šatekšai	ϣⲁⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ šatešai	ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲁⲓ šatefšai	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ šatesšai	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ šatenšai	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ šatetenšai	ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ šatoušai	ϣⲁⲧⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ šate - šai
limitive, expectative	expectative	ⲙⲡⲁϯϣⲁⲓ mpatišai	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ mpatekšai	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ mpatešai	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϣⲁⲓ mpatefšai	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϣⲁⲓ mpatesšai	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ mpatenšai	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲓ mpatetenšai	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϣⲁⲓ mpatoušai	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ - ϣⲁⲓ mpate - šai

Derived terms

ⲙⲁⲛϣⲁⲓ (manšai)

Etymology 2

Noun

ϣⲁⲓ (šai) m

šai; the name for the letter Ϣ, ϣ in the Coptic language.

Etymology 3

From Demotic ḫꜥ (“festival”), from Egyptian ḫꜥ (“appearance, festival”), from

(ḫꜥj, “to appear”).

Noun

ϣⲁⲓ (šai) m

(Bohairic) feast

Etymology 4

From Demotic šy, from Egyptian

(šrt).

Noun

ϣⲁⲓ (šai) m

(Bohairic) nose

References

Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 234
Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 542

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