συμφορά

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

σῠμφορή (sumphorḗ) – Ionic

Etymology

From σῠμφέρω (sumphérō, “to occur”) +‎ -η (-ē).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sym.pʰo.rǎː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /sym.pʰoˈra/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /sym.ɸoˈra/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /sym.foˈra/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /sim.foˈra/

Noun

σῠμφορᾱ́ • (sumphorā́) f (genitive σῠμφορᾶς); first declension

a bringing together, collecting, contribution
- 90 CE – 144 CE, Polemon of Laodicea, Cynaegirus 24
- 1 CE – 100 CE, Aretaeus, De Causis et Signis Diuturnorum Morborum 2.11
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 44
- 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Lexiphanes 6
an event, circumstance, chance
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.32
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.49
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 1020
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 33
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 1145
- 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 1204
- 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 536
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.140
1. mishap, mischance, misfortune
  - 600 BCE – 500 BCE, Hipponax, Collected Works 49.4
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.41
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.190
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 7.77
  - 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 445
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1179
  - 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 436
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 8.87
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.64
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.42
  - 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Second Tetralogy 2.8
  - 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 885
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.88
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.122
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 6.1.37
  - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 99
  - 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On the Mysteries 86
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 1.1.27
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, To Philip 58
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 854D
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 934B
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.83
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.79
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.35
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.216
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Agesilaus 7.4
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Agesilaus 11.9
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 84E
  - 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 406
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 68
  - 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 253
  - 361 BCE – 291 BCE, Dinarchus, Collected Works 1.65
2. (rarely in a good sense) good luck, happy issue
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 24
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1230
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 1064
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 1031
  - 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 1155
  - 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 457
  - 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 655

Inflection

First declension of ἡ σῠμφορᾱ́; τῆς σῠμφορᾶς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ σῠμφορᾱ́ hē sumphorā́	τὼ σῠμφορᾱ́ tṑ sumphorā́	αἱ σῠμφοραί hai sumphoraí
Genitive	τῆς σῠμφορᾶς tês sumphorâs	τοῖν σῠμφοραῖν toîn sumphoraîn	τῶν σῠμφορῶν tôn sumphorôn
Dative	τῇ σῠμφορᾷ têi sumphorâi	τοῖν σῠμφοραῖν toîn sumphoraîn	ταῖς σῠμφοραῖς taîs sumphoraîs
Accusative	τὴν σῠμφορᾱ́ν tḕn sumphorā́n	τὼ σῠμφορᾱ́ tṑ sumphorā́	τᾱ̀ς σῠμφορᾱ́ς tā̀s sumphorā́s
Vocative	σῠμφορᾱ́ sumphorā́	σῠμφορᾱ́ sumphorā́	σῠμφοραί sumphoraí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

συμφορά in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
συμφορά in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Fate idem, page 1010.
- Fortune idem, page 1011.
- accident idem, page 6.
- adventure idem, page 14.
- adversity idem, page 15.
- affliction idem, page 17.
- blow idem, page 85.
- calamity idem, page 108.
- casualty idem, page 117.
- catastrophe idem, page 118.
- chance idem, page 123.
- circumstance idem, page 133.
- coincidence idem, page 142.
- contingency idem, page 168.
- disaster idem, page 228.
- episode idem, page 279.
- event idem, page 285.
- eventuality idem, page 285.
- evil idem, page 286.
- fact idem, page 300.
- fatality idem, page 309.
- fate idem, page 309.
- fortune idem, page 340.
- hap idem, page 384.
- hazard idem, page 389.
- ill idem, page 414.
- incident idem, page 428.
- infliction idem, page 438.
- issue idem, page 461.
- lot idem, page 501.
- luck idem, page 503.
- mischance idem, page 533.
- misfortune idem, page 534.
- occurrence idem, page 569.
- phase idem, page 610.
- plight idem, page 621.
- result idem, page 706.
- sequel idem, page 754.
- stroke idem, page 827.
- tragedy idem, page 886.
- unhappiness idem, page 920.
- vicissitude idem, page 950.
- visitation idem, page 954.

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