σαφής
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Most likely Pre-Greek. Connections to Latin pāreō can be dismissed based on the fact that ph comes from an aspirated PIE consonant.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /sa.pʰɛ̌ːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /saˈpʰes/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /saˈɸis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /saˈfis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /saˈfis/
Adjective
σᾰφής • (saphḗs) m, f (neuter σᾰφές); third declension
(Doric, Ionic, Attic, Koine)
- (of something seen with the eyes, or of something understood with the mind) clear, distinct
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, 1 35:
- τὰ ξυμφέροντα ἀποδείκνυμεν, καὶ μέγιστον ὅτι οἵ τε αὐτοὶ πολέμιοι ἡμῖν ἦσαν, ὅπερ σαφεστάτη πίστις
- tà xumphéronta apodeíknumen, kaì mégiston hóti hoí te autoì polémioi hēmîn êsan, hóper saphestátē pístis
- we show the advantages, and the greatest is that the same people are enemies to us both, which is a very clear guarantee of good faith
- τὰ ξυμφέροντα ἀποδείκνυμεν, καὶ μέγιστον ὅτι οἵ τε αὐτοὶ πολέμιοι ἡμῖν ἦσαν, ὅπερ σαφεστάτη πίστις
- (of a person) speaking clearly, reliable
- 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 82:
- ἄναυδος σαφὴς ἔτυμος ἄγγελος
- ánaudos saphḕs étumos ángelos
- a silent, unerring, truthful messenger
- ἄναυδος σαφὴς ἔτυμος ἄγγελος
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 390:
- ἐπεί, φέρ’ εἰπέ, ποῦ σὺ μάντις εἶ σαφής;
- epeí, phér’ eipé, poû sù mántis eî saphḗs?
- So come on, tell me, when have you been a reliable seer
- ἐπεί, φέρ’ εἰπέ, ποῦ σὺ μάντις εἶ σαφής;
Declension
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
Nominative | σᾰφής saphḗs |
σᾰφές saphés |
σᾰφεῖ sapheî |
σᾰφεῖ sapheî |
σᾰφεῖς sapheîs |
σᾰφῆ saphê | ||||||||
Genitive | σᾰφοῦς saphoûs |
σᾰφοῦς saphoûs |
σᾰφοῖν saphoîn |
σᾰφοῖν saphoîn |
σᾰφῶν saphôn |
σᾰφῶν saphôn | ||||||||
Dative | σᾰφεῖ sapheî |
σᾰφεῖ sapheî |
σᾰφοῖν saphoîn |
σᾰφοῖν saphoîn |
σᾰφέσῐ / σᾰφέσῐν saphési(n) |
σᾰφέσῐ / σᾰφέσῐν saphési(n) | ||||||||
Accusative | σᾰφῆ saphê |
σᾰφές saphés |
σᾰφεῖ sapheî |
σᾰφεῖ sapheî |
σᾰφεῖς sapheîs |
σᾰφῆ saphê | ||||||||
Vocative | σᾰφές saphés |
σᾰφές saphés |
σᾰφεῖ sapheî |
σᾰφεῖ sapheî |
σᾰφεῖς sapheîs |
σᾰφῆ saphê | ||||||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
σᾰφῶς saphôs |
σᾰφέστερος saphésteros |
σᾰφέστᾰτος saphéstatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Further reading
- σαφής in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σαφής in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
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