οὐδέ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

οὐδ’ (oud’) – apocopic

Etymology

From οὐ (ou, “not”) + δέ (dé, “but”)

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /oː.dé/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /uˈdɛ/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /uˈðe/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /uˈðe/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /uˈðe/

Conjunction

οὐδέ • (oudé)

(mostly answering to μέν (mén)) but not
- Homer, Iliad 5.138
- Homer, Iliad 24.418
- Homer, Iliad 5.21
- Homer, Iliad 24.25
(more often) and not, nor
1. (without a negative preceding)
  - Homer, Odyssey 10.375
  - Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 324
  - Sophocles, Philoctetes 756
  - Herodotus, Histories 1.97
  - Homer, Iliad 1.95
  - Aeschylus, Pr.716
  - Sophocles, Philoctetes 2
  - Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 39
2. (with a simple negative preceding)
  - Homer, Odyssey 10.379
  - Homer, Odyssey 22.226
  - Sophocles, Philoctetes 691
  - Herodotus, Histories 1.215
  - Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.55
  - Demosthenes, Against Androtion 4

Adverb

οὐδέ • (oudé)

not even, not at all
- Homer, Iliad 2.386
- Homer, Iliad 1.354
- Homer, Iliad 20.27
- Homer, Iliad 14.141, (compare Odyssey 21.288)
- Aristophanes, Plutus 137–138
- Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.3.10
- Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.56
- Homer, Iliad 7.263
- Homer, Iliad 9.351
- Plato, Phaedo 97A
- Plato, The Republic 499A
- Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.3.50
- Homer, Iliad 9.374
- Homer, Odyssey 8.32

Usage notes

When οὐδέ (oudé) is repeated at the beginning of two clauses, the first is often adverbial and the second is a conjunction. It may also follow οὔτε (oúte), as an anacoluthon.

Descendants

→ Coptic: ⲟⲩⲇⲉ (oude)

References

οὐδέ in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
οὐδέ in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
οὐδέ in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
οὐδέ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
οὐδέ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
οὐδέ in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G3761 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- even idem, page 284.
- neither . . . nor idem, page 555.
- not idem, page 562.

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