μάρμαρος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

μάρμᾰρον (mármaron)

Etymology

Uncertain, possibly Pre-Greek. Perhaps from μαρμαίρω (marmaírō, “I sparkle”). Roberts suggests Proto-Indo-European *mer-, *mor-, *mr- (“to rub away, cause harm, to die”), in the sense of marble's fragility.[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /már.ma.ros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈmar.ma.ros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈmar.ma.ros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈmar.ma.ros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈmar.ma.ros/

Noun

μάρμᾰρος • (mármaros) m (genitive μαρμᾰ́ρου); second declension

crystalline rock
marble
1. anything made of marble, tombstone
2. marble chips

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ μάρμᾰρος; τοῦ μαρμᾰ́ρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ μάρμᾰρος ho mármaros	τὼ μαρμᾰ́ρω tṑ marmárō	οἱ μάρμᾰροι hoi mármaroi
Genitive	τοῦ μαρμᾰ́ρου toû marmárou	τοῖν μαρμᾰ́ροιν toîn marmároin	τῶν μαρμᾰ́ρων tôn marmárōn
Dative	τῷ μαρμᾰ́ρῳ tôi marmárōi	τοῖν μαρμᾰ́ροιν toîn marmároin	τοῖς μαρμᾰ́ροις toîs marmárois
Accusative	τὸν μάρμᾰρον tòn mármaron	τὼ μαρμᾰ́ρω tṑ marmárō	τοὺς μαρμᾰ́ρους toùs marmárous
Vocative	μάρμᾰρε mármare	μαρμᾰ́ρω marmárō	μάρμᾰροι mármaroi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

μαρμάρινος (marmárinos)

Descendants

Greek: μάρμαρο (mármaro)
→ Arabic: مرمر‎ (marmar)
→ Bulgarian: мра́мор (mrámor)
→ Latin: marmor (see there for further descendants)
- → English: marble
- → Old Church Slavonic: мраморъ (mramorŭ)
  - → Russian: мра́мор (mrámor)
- → Old Polish: marmor
  - → Lithuanian: mármoras
→ Old Armenian: մարմար (marmar), մարմարիոն (marmarion)
- Armenian: մարմար (marmar)
→ Old Georgian: მარმარილოჲ (marmariloy)
- Georgian: მარმარილო (marmarilo)
  - → Bats: მარმარილო̆ (marmarilŏ)
→ Old East Slavic: мороморъ (moromorŭ), мироморъ (miromorŭ)
→ Persian: مرمر‎ (marmar)
- → Bashkir: мәрмәр (märmär)
- → Ottoman Turkish: مرمر‎ (mermer)
  - Turkish: mermer
  - → Armenian: մէռմէռ (mēṙmēṙ)

References

Roberts, Edward A. (2014), “marmaros”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 844

μάρμαρος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
μάρμαρος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
μάρμαρος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
μάρμαρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
μάρμαρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
G3139 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
μάρμαρος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill
Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “մարմար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 387a
Boisacq, Émile (1916), “μάρμαρος”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 611

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[1] Roberts, Edward A. (2014), “marmaros”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 844