κυφός

See also: κῦφος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Clearly related to κύπτω (kúptō, “to stoop”). The word has been linked with Lithuanian kuprà (“hump”) and Old High German hovar (“hump”). According to Beekes, the variation "κυφ-/κυπ-" points to a Pre-Greek origin.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ky.pʰós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kyˈpʰos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /kyˈɸos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /cyˈfos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ciˈfos/

Mark the vowel length of the ambiguous vowel υ by adding a macron after it if it is long, or a breve if it is short. By default, Module:grc-pronunciation assumes it is short if unmarked.
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Adjective

κυφός • (kuphós) m (feminine κυφή, neuter κυφόν); first/second declension

bent forward, stooping, hunchbacked
curved, round (of a cup)

Inflection

First and second declension of κυφός; κυφή; κυφόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	κυφός kuphós	κυφή kuphḗ	κυφόν kuphón	κυφώ kuphṓ	κυφᾱ́ kuphā́	κυφώ kuphṓ	κυφοί kuphoí	κυφαί kuphaí	κυφᾰ́ kuphá
Genitive	κυφοῦ kuphoû	κυφῆς kuphês	κυφοῦ kuphoû	κυφοῖν kuphoîn	κυφαῖν kuphaîn	κυφοῖν kuphoîn	κυφῶν kuphôn	κυφῶν kuphôn	κυφῶν kuphôn
Dative	κυφῷ kuphôi	κυφῇ kuphêi	κυφῷ kuphôi	κυφοῖν kuphoîn	κυφαῖν kuphaîn	κυφοῖν kuphoîn	κυφοῖς kuphoîs	κυφαῖς kuphaîs	κυφοῖς kuphoîs
Accusative	κυφόν kuphón	κυφήν kuphḗn	κυφόν kuphón	κυφώ kuphṓ	κυφᾱ́ kuphā́	κυφώ kuphṓ	κυφούς kuphoús	κυφᾱ́ς kuphā́s	κυφᾰ́ kuphá
Vocative	κυφέ kuphé	κυφή kuphḗ	κυφόν kuphón	κυφώ kuphṓ	κυφᾱ́ kuphā́	κυφώ kuphṓ	κυφοί kuphoí	κυφαί kuphaí	κυφᾰ́ kuphá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	κυφῶς kuphôs			κυφότερος kuphóteros			κυφότᾰτος kuphótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

κυφαγωγέω (kuphagōgéō)
κυφαγωγός (kuphagōgós)
κυφαλέος (kuphaléos)
κυφογέρων (kuphogérōn)
κυφοειδής (kuphoeidḗs)
κυφόνωτος (kuphónōtos)
κυφόομαι (kuphóomai)
κῦφος (kûphos)
κυφότης (kuphótēs)
κύφω (kúphō)
κύφωμα (kúphōma)
κύφων (kúphōn)
κυφώνιον (kuphṓnion)
κυφωνισμός (kuphōnismós)
κύφωσις (kúphōsis)

Antonyms

λορδός (lordós, “bent backward”)

References

κυφός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
κυφός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill

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