καρκίνος

See also: Καρκίνος and Κάρκινος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain. Could be from a Proto-Indo-European *karkros, with cognates including Latin cancer, and possibly Sanskrit कर्कट (karkaṭa), although relationship with the latter is less certain. There are elements which point to a non-Indo-European origin, perhaps Pre-Greek.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kar.kí.nos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /karˈki.nos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /karˈki.nos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /karˈci.nos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /karˈci.nos/

Noun

καρκῐ́νος • (karkínos) m (genitive καρκῐ́νου); second declension

crab
Cancer, the zodiac sign
sore, ulcer, cancer
items which resemble a crab's pincers
1. pair of pincers, a type of torture instrument
2. temple bones
3. type of shoe
4. type of bandage
5. pair of compasses
6. still

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ καρκῐ́νος; τοῦ καρκῐ́νου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ καρκῐ́νος ho karkínos	τὼ καρκῐ́νω tṑ karkínō	οἱ καρκῐ́νᾰ hoi karkína
Genitive	τοῦ καρκῐ́νου toû karkínou	τοῖν καρκῐ́νοιν toîn karkínoin	τῶν καρκῐ́νων tôn karkínōn
Dative	τῷ καρκῐ́νῳ tôi karkínōi	τοῖν καρκῐ́νοιν toîn karkínoin	τοῖς καρκῐ́νοις toîs karkínois
Accusative	τὸν καρκῐ́νον tòn karkínon	τὼ καρκῐ́νω tṑ karkínō	τοὺς καρκῐ́νᾰ toùs karkína
Vocative	καρκῐ́νε karkíne	καρκῐ́νω karkínō	καρκῐ́νᾰ karkína
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Note the irregular plurals

Synonyms

(cancer): καρκῐ́νωμᾰ (karkínōma)

Descendants

Old Armenian: կարակին (karakin), կարկին (karkin)
- Armenian: կարկին (karkin)

References

καρκίνος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
καρκίνος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
καρκίνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
καρκίνος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- crab idem, page 181.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”)

Noun

καρκίνος • (karkínos) m (plural καρκίνοι)

(medicine) cancer (disease of uncontrolled cellular proliferation)
crab
(astronomy, astrology) Cancer

Declension

declension of καρκίνος

	singular	plural
nominative	καρκίνος •	καρκίνοι •
genitive	καρκίνου •	καρκίνων •
accusative	καρκίνο •	καρκίνους •
vocative	καρκίνε •	καρκίνοι •

Synonyms

(crab): κάβουρας m (kávouras)
(crab): καβούρι n (kavoúri)

Derived terms

καρκινικός (karkinikós)
καρκινοβατώ (karkinovató)
καρκινογόνος (karkinogónos)
καρκινοειδής (karkinoeidís)

καρκινογένεση (karkinogénesi)
καρκινολογία (karkinología)
καρκινολόγος (karkinológos)
καρκινοπαθής (karkinopathís)

καρκινοφοβία (karkinofovía)
καρκινώδης (karkinódis)
καρκίνωμα (karkínoma)
καρκινωματώδης (karkinomatódis)

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