δεῦρο

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

δεῦρ’ (deûr’) – apocopic
δεῦρυ (deûru) – Aeolic
δεύρω (deúrō) – Homeric
δευρί (deurí), δεῦρε (deûre), δευρεί (deureí) – Attic

Etymology

Probably a combination of demonstrative Proto-Indo-European *de, whence also the enclitic -δε (-de, denoting motion towards), + Proto-Indo-European *ure, *uro (“where”), whence Lithuanian aurè, Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬀‎ (auuara), Old Armenian ուր (ur), Umbrian 𐌖𐌓𐌖 (uru). A Mycenaean Greek cognate may exist in the first element, *𐀆𐀸𐀫 (de-we-ro), of 𐀆𐀸𐀫𐁁𐀒𐀨𐀂𐀊 (de-we-ro-ai-ko-ra-i-ja, “a part of the kingdom of Pylos”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /dêu̯.ro/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈdew.ro/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈðe.βro/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈðe.vro/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈðe.vro/

Adverb

δεῦρο • (deûro)

(of locations) hither
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.153
  - Homer, Iliad 3.405
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.444
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 663
  - Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1165
  - Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1253
- 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 666
- 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 426
- 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 266
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 143a
1. (later) here
2. (rhetoric) up to this point of the argument
  - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 217e
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 814d
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 292c
  - 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 15.453
(of time) until now, hitherto
- 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 21δ
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.64
- 1 CE – 100 CE, Onasander, Praef. 7
- 200 CE – 400 CE, Heliodorus of Emesa, Aethiopica 1.19
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 811c
- 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 670
- 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 56
- 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 1135
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 596

Interjection

δεῦρο • (deûro) (dual & plural δεῦτε or δεῦρο)

(with 2nd person singular imperative) come on!
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.130
  - Homer, Iliad 7.75
  - Homer, Iliad 11.314
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.145
  - Homer, Odyssey 22.395
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 1041
- 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 724
(with 1st person plural subjunctive) come let us...
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.292
(without a verb) come here!
- 630 BCE – 570 BCE, Sappho, Collected Works 84
- 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 881
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 144d
- c. 380 BC, Plato (aut.), J. Burnet (ed.), Πολιτεία in Platonis Opera IV (1905), St. II Respublica V 477 d, ll. 7–8:
  Δεῦρο δὴ πάλιν, ἦν δ᾽ ἐγώ, ὦ ἄριστε. ἐπιστήμην πότερον δύναμίν τινα φῂς εἶναι αὐτήν, ἢ εἰς τί γένος τιθεῖς;
(later) go away!
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 2 Kings 3.13

Descendants

Latin: deurodē

Noun

δεῦρο • (deûro) n pl (indeclinable)

sensible objects
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 991b.30
- 350 BCE, Aristotle, On the Heavens 1.2
- 100 CE – 200 CE, Maximus of Tyre, Collected Works 14.7

Declension

Declension of τᾰ̀ δεῦρο; τῶν δεῦρο (Attic)

Case / #	Plural
Nominative	τᾰ̀ δεῦρο tà deûro
Genitive	τῶν δεῦρο tôn deûro
Dative	τοῖς δεῦρο toîs deûro
Accusative	τᾰ̀ δεῦρο tà deûro
Vocative	δεῦρο deûro
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

δεῦρο in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
δεῦτε in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
δεῦρο in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
δεῦρο in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
δεῦρο in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
δεῦρο in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
δεῦρο in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
δεῦρο in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
δεῦρο in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G1204 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
G1205 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- hither idem, page 401.
- hitherto idem, page 401.
- this idem, page 867.
- up idem, page 937.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “δεῦρο”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 319

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