Τάρταρος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Τάρτᾰρᾰ (Tártara)

Etymology

According to Strabo, this word had been fancifully believed to have been invented by Homer with the city of Ταρτησσός (Tartēssós) in mind, with a slight change of letters, it being west of the Ἡράκλειοι Στῆλαι, or Pillars of Heracles, beyond which the sun sinks past Oceanus as it enters into Tartarus.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tár.ta.ros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.ta.ros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.ta.ros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.ta.ros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtar.ta.ros/

Proper noun

Τάρτᾰρος • (Tártaros) m (genitive Ταρτᾰ́ρου); second declension

Tartarus
(Christendom) metaphor for Hell

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ Τάρτᾰρος; τοῦ Ταρτᾰ́ρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ Τάρτᾰρος ho Tártaros
Genitive	τοῦ Ταρτᾰ́ρου toû Tartárou
Dative	τῷ Ταρτᾰ́ρῳ tôi Tartárōi
Accusative	τὸν Τάρτᾰρον tòn Tártaron
Vocative	Τάρτᾰρε Tártare
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Ταρτᾰ́ρειος (Tartáreios)
ταρτᾰρῐ́ζω (tartarízō)
Ταρτᾰ́ρῐος (Tartários)
ταρτᾰρῑ́της (tartarī́tēs)
Ταρτᾰρόπαις (Tartarópais)
ταρτᾰροῦχος (tartaroûkhos)
ταρτᾰρόω (tartaróō)

Descendants

Asturian: Tártaru
Breton: Tartarus
Bulgarian: Тартар (Tartar)
Catalan: Tàrtar
Czech: Tartaros
Danish: Tartaros
Dutch: Tartarus
Finnish: Tartaros
French: Tartare
German: Tartaros
Greek: Τάρταρος (Tártaros)
Hebrew: טרטרוס‎
Italian: Tartaro
Japanese: タルタロス (Tarutarosu)
Latin: Tartarus
Lithuanian: Tartaras

Low German: Tartaros
Luxembourgish: Tartaros
Norwegian: Tartaros
Polish: Tartar
Portuguese: Tártaro
Romanian: Tartarus
Russian: Тартар (Tartar)
Serbo-Croatian: Tartar
Slovak: Tartaros
Slovenian: Tartar
Spanish: Tártaro, Tártaros
Swedish: Tartaros
Thai: ทาร์ทารัส
Turkish: Tartarus
Vietnamese: Tartarus

References

Τάρταρος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Τάρταρος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
Τάρταρος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
Τάρταρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Τάρταρος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,026

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