ébaucher
French
Etymology
From Middle French esbaucher (“to rough-hew, frame”), alteration (due to Middle French bauche (“beam, wooden crosspiece”)) of Old French esbosquier, esboskier (“to rough-hew beams”), from es- (“out”) + bosc (“wood, firewood”), from Frankish *bosk (“wood”), from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“wood, thicket”). Cognate with Old French esbochier (“to prune grapes”), French bois (“wood”), bau (“beam”). More at bush, balk.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.bo.ʃe/
Verb
ébaucher
Conjugation
Conjugation of ébaucher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | ébauchant /e.bo.ʃɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | ébauché /e.bo.ʃe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | ébaucher | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | ébauchant /e.bo.ʃɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ébauche /e.boʃ/ |
ébauches /e.boʃ/ |
ébauche /e.boʃ/ |
ébauchons /e.bo.ʃɔ̃/ |
ébauchez /e.bo.ʃe/ |
ébauchent /e.boʃ/ |
| imperfect | ébauchais /e.bo.ʃɛ/ |
ébauchais /e.bo.ʃɛ/ |
ébauchait /e.bo.ʃɛ/ |
ébauchions /e.bo.ʃjɔ̃/ |
ébauchiez /e.bo.ʃje/ |
ébauchaient /e.bo.ʃɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | ébauchai /e.bo.ʃe/ |
ébauchas /e.bo.ʃa/ |
ébaucha /e.bo.ʃa/ |
ébauchâmes /e.bo.ʃam/ |
ébauchâtes /e.bo.ʃat/ |
ébauchèrent /e.bo.ʃɛʁ/ | |
| future | ébaucherai /e.boʃ.ʁe/ |
ébaucheras /e.boʃ.ʁa/ |
ébauchera /e.boʃ.ʁa/ |
ébaucherons /e.boʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
ébaucherez /e.boʃ.ʁe/ |
ébaucheront /e.boʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | ébaucherais /e.boʃ.ʁɛ/ |
ébaucherais /e.boʃ.ʁɛ/ |
ébaucherait /e.boʃ.ʁɛ/ |
ébaucherions /e.bo.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
ébaucheriez /e.bo.ʃə.ʁje/ |
ébaucheraient /e.boʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ébauche /e.boʃ/ |
ébauches /e.boʃ/ |
ébauche /e.boʃ/ |
ébauchions /e.bo.ʃjɔ̃/ |
ébauchiez /e.bo.ʃje/ |
ébauchent /e.boʃ/ |
| imperfect2 | ébauchasse /e.bo.ʃas/ |
ébauchasses /e.bo.ʃas/ |
ébauchât /e.bo.ʃa/ |
ébauchassions /e.bo.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
ébauchassiez /e.bo.ʃa.sje/ |
ébauchassent /e.bo.ʃas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | ébauche /e.boʃ/ |
— | ébauchons /e.bo.ʃɔ̃/ |
ébauchez /e.bo.ʃe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “ébaucher” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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