vitupérer

See also: vituperer

French

Etymology

From Latin vituperāre.

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

Verb

vitupérer

(transitive with contre) to vituperate; to rant and rave; to rail against
Synonym: invectiver

vitupérer contre le gouvernement ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written ‘é’) and /ɛ/ (written ‘è’), with the latter being used before mute ‘e’. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written vitupérer-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written vitupèrer-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.

Conjugation of vitupérer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive
present participle		vitupérant /vi.ty.pe.ʁɑ̃/
past participle		vitupéré /vi.ty.pe.ʁe/
simple		vitupérer
compound		avoir + past participle
gerund¹
simple		vitupérant /vi.ty.pe.ʁɑ̃/
compound		ayant + past participle
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	vitupère /vi.ty.pɛʁ/	vitupères /vi.ty.pɛʁ/	vitupère /vi.ty.pɛʁ/	vitupérons /vi.ty.pe.ʁɔ̃/	vitupérez /vi.ty.pe.ʁe/	vitupèrent /vi.ty.pɛʁ/
	imperfect	vitupérais /vi.ty.pe.ʁɛ/	vitupérais /vi.ty.pe.ʁɛ/	vitupérait /vi.ty.pe.ʁɛ/	vitupérions /vi.ty.pe.ʁjɔ̃/	vitupériez /vi.ty.pe.ʁje/	vitupéraient /vi.ty.pe.ʁɛ/
	past historic²	vitupérai /vi.ty.pe.ʁe/	vitupéras /vi.ty.pe.ʁa/	vitupéra /vi.ty.pe.ʁa/	vitupérâmes /vi.ty.pe.ʁam/	vitupérâtes /vi.ty.pe.ʁat/	vitupérèrent /vi.ty.pe.ʁɛʁ/
	future	vitupèrerai or vitupérerai /vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁe/	vitupèreras or vitupéreras /vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁa/	vitupèrera or vitupérera /vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁa/	vitupèrerons or vitupérerons /vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/	vitupèrerez or vitupérerez /vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁe/	vitupèreront or vitupéreront /vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	vitupèrerais or vitupérerais /vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/	vitupèrerais or vitupérerais /vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/	vitupèrerait or vitupérerait /vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/	vitupèrerions or vitupérerions /vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/	vitupèreriez or vitupéreriez /vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁje/	vitupèreraient or vitupéreraient /vi.ty.pɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	vitupère /vi.ty.pɛʁ/	vitupères /vi.ty.pɛʁ/	vitupère /vi.ty.pɛʁ/	vitupérions /vi.ty.pe.ʁjɔ̃/	vitupériez /vi.ty.pe.ʁje/	vitupèrent /vi.ty.pɛʁ/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	vitupérasse /vi.ty.pe.ʁas/	vitupérasses /vi.ty.pe.ʁas/	vitupérât /vi.ty.pe.ʁa/	vitupérassions /vi.ty.pe.ʁa.sjɔ̃/	vitupérassiez /vi.ty.pe.ʁa.sje/	vitupérassent /vi.ty.pe.ʁas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	vitupère /vi.ty.pɛʁ/	—	vitupérons /vi.ty.pe.ʁɔ̃/	vitupérez /vi.ty.pe.ʁe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ Only usable with preposition en.
² In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).