tvirtas

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twirˀ-[1] from a zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *twerH-.[1] Cognate with Latvian tvirts[2] and Polish twardy (solid).[2][3] Derksen does not give a full PBS reconstruction for this term, only noting that "the Baltic and Slavic suffixes do not match."

Other cognates within Lithuanian:

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtʲvʲɪrtɐs/

Adjective

tvìrtas m (feminine tvirtà, neuter tvìrta) stress pattern 3 [2]

  1. firm, tough[4]

Declension

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

(Adjectives)

  • tvirtagalis
  • tvirtapradis

(Nouns)

  • tvirtėti
  • tvirtinti
  • (Adverb) tvirtaĩ

(Verbs)

  • tvirtýbė f
  • tvirtùmas m

References

  1. Derksen, Rick (2015), “turėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 475
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008), *tvьrdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 501
  3. Brückner, Aleksander (1927), twardy”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, published 1985, page 586
  4. “tvirtas” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
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