tpr

See also: Tpr and TPR

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to breathe (air) [since the Middle Kingdom]

Inflection
Conjugation of tpr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: tpr, geminated stem: tprr
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
tpr
 tprw, tpr
 tprt
 tpr
 tpr
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
tpr
 ḥr tpr
 m tpr
 r tpr
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect tpr.n
 tprw, tpr
 consecutive tpr.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative tprt
perfective3 tpr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative tpr.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective tpr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 tpr
 tprr
 potentialis tpr.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive tpr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect tpr.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective tpr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 tpr
 tpr, tprw5, tpry5
imperfective tpr, tpry, tprw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 tpr, tprj6, tpry6
 tpr, tprw5
prospective tpr, tprtj7
 — tprtj4, tprt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tpr  





ṯpj tpj tpj tp dpj
[Middle Kingdom] [since the 18th Dynasty] [New Kingdom] [Late Period] [Late Period]
in papyri in papyri

From the Middle Kingdom, the r in this word is often supplemented or replaced by j, reflecting a phonetic change.

References
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 296.3–296.4
  • Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 298
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