tosha

Swahili

Verb

-tosha (infinitive kutosha)

to suffice, to be adequate, to be enough

Conjugation

Conjugation of -tosha

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kutosha

kutotosha

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

tosha

tosheni

Habitual

hutosha

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nilitosha nalitosha	tulitosha twalitosha	ulitosha walitosha	mlitosha mwalitosha	alitosha	walitosha	ulitosha	ilitosha	lilitosha	yalitosha	kilitosha	vilitosha	ilitosha	zilitosha	ulitosha	kulitosha	palitosha	mulitosha
Relative	niliotosha naliotosha	tuliotosha twaliotosha	uliotosha waliotosha	mliotosha mwaliotosha	aliotosha	waliotosha	uliotosha	iliotosha	liliotosha	yaliotosha	kiliotosha	viliotosha	iliotosha	ziliotosha	uliotosha	kuliotosha	paliotosha	muliotosha
Negative	sikutosha	hatukutosha	hukutosha	hamkutosha	hakutosha	hawakutosha	haukutosha	haikutosha	halikutosha	hayakutosha	hakikutosha	havikutosha	haikutosha	hazikutosha	haukutosha	hakukutosha	hapakutosha	hamukutosha

Present
Positive	ninatosha natosha	tunatosha	unatosha	mnatosha	anatosha	wanatosha	unatosha	inatosha	linatosha	yanatosha	kinatosha	vinatosha	inatosha	zinatosha	unatosha	kunatosha	panatosha	munatosha
Relative	ninaotosha naotosha	tunaotosha	unaotosha	mnaotosha	anaotosha	wanaotosha	unaotosha	inaotosha	linaotosha	yanaotosha	kinaotosha	vinaotosha	inaotosha	zinaotosha	unaotosha	kunaotosha	panaotosha	munaotosha
Negative	sitoshi	hatutoshi	hutoshi	hamtoshi	hatoshi	hawatoshi	hautoshi	haitoshi	halitoshi	hayatoshi	hakitoshi	havitoshi	haitoshi	hazitoshi	hautoshi	hakutoshi	hapatoshi	hamutoshi

Future
Positive	nitatosha	tutatosha	utatosha	mtatosha	atatosha	watatosha	utatosha	itatosha	litatosha	yatatosha	kitatosha	vitatosha	itatosha	zitatosha	utatosha	kutatosha	patatosha	mutatosha
Relative	nitakaotosha	tutakaotosha	utakaotosha	mtakaotosha	atakaotosha	watakaotosha	utakaotosha	itakaotosha	litakaotosha	yatakaotosha	kitakaotosha	vitakaotosha	itakaotosha	zitakaotosha	utakaotosha	kutakaotosha	patakaotosha	mutakaotosha
Negative	sitatosha	hatutatosha	hutatosha	hamtatosha	hatatosha	hawatatosha	hautatosha	haitatosha	halitatosha	hayatatosha	hakitatosha	havitatosha	haitatosha	hazitatosha	hautatosha	hakutatosha	hapatatosha	hamutatosha

Subjunctive
Positive	nitoshe	tutoshe	utoshe	mtoshe	atoshe	watoshe	utoshe	itoshe	litoshe	yatoshe	kitoshe	vitoshe	itoshe	zitoshe	utoshe	kutoshe	patoshe	mutoshe
Negative	nisitoshe	tusitoshe	usitoshe	msitoshe	asitoshe	wasitoshe	usitoshe	isitoshe	lisitoshe	yasitoshe	kisitoshe	visitoshe	isitoshe	zisitoshe	usitoshe	kusitoshe	pasitoshe	musitoshe

Present Conditional
Positive	ningetosha	tungetosha	ungetosha	mngetosha	angetosha	wangetosha	ungetosha	ingetosha	lingetosha	yangetosha	kingetosha	vingetosha	ingetosha	zingetosha	ungetosha	kungetosha	pangetosha	mungetosha
Negative	nisingetosha singetosha	tusingetosha hatungetosha	usingetosha hungetosha	msingetosha hamngetosha	asingetosha hangetosha	wasingetosha hawangetosha	usingetosha haungetosha	isingetosha haingetosha	lisingetosha halingetosha	yasingetosha hayangetosha	kisingetosha hakingetosha	visingetosha havingetosha	isingetosha haingetosha	zisingetosha hazingetosha	usingetosha haungetosha	kusingetosha hakungetosha	pasingetosha hapangetosha	musingetosha hamungetosha

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalitosha	tungalitosha	ungalitosha	mngalitosha	angalitosha	wangalitosha	ungalitosha	ingalitosha	lingalitosha	yangalitosha	kingalitosha	vingalitosha	ingalitosha	zingalitosha	ungalitosha	kungalitosha	pangalitosha	mungalitosha
Negative	nisingalitosha singalitosha	tusingalitosha hatungalitosha	usingalitosha hungalitosha	msingalitosha hamngalitosha	asingalitosha hangalitosha	wasingalitosha hawangalitosha	usingalitosha haungalitosha	isingalitosha haingalitosha	lisingalitosha halingalitosha	yasingalitosha hayangalitosha	kisingalitosha hakingalitosha	visingalitosha havingalitosha	isingalitosha haingalitosha	zisingalitosha hazingalitosha	usingalitosha haungalitosha	kusingalitosha hakungalitosha	pasingalitosha hapangalitosha	musingalitosha hamungalitosha

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelitosha	tungelitosha	ungelitosha	mngelitosha	angelitosha	wangelitosha	ungelitosha	ingelitosha	lingelitosha	yangelitosha	kingelitosha	vingelitosha	ingelitosha	zingelitosha	ungelitosha	kungelitosha	pangelitosha	mungelitosha

General Relative
Positive	nitoshao	tutoshao	utoshao	mtoshao	atoshao	watoshao	utoshao	itoshao	litoshao	yatoshao	kitoshao	vitoshao	itoshao	zitoshao	utoshao	kutoshao	patoshao	mutoshao
Negative	nisiotosha	tusiotosha	usiotosha	msiotosha	asiotosha	wasiotosha	usiotosha	isiotosha	lisiotosha	yasiotosha	kisiotosha	visiotosha	isiotosha	zisiotosha	usiotosha	kusiotosha	pasiotosha	musiotosha

Gnomic
Positive	natosha	twatosha	watosha	mwatosha	atosha	watosha	watosha	yatosha	latosha	yatosha	chatosha	vyatosha	yatosha	zatosha	watosha	kwatosha	patosha	mwatosha

Perfect
Positive	nimetosha	tumetosha	umetosha	mmetosha	ametosha	wametosha	umetosha	imetosha	limetosha	yametosha	kimetosha	vimetosha	imetosha	zimetosha	umetosha	kumetosha	pametosha	mumetosha

"Already"
Positive	nimeshatosha	tumeshatosha	umeshatosha	mmeshatosha	ameshatosha	wameshatosha	umeshatosha	imeshatosha	limeshatosha	yameshatosha	kimeshatosha	vimeshatosha	imeshatosha	zimeshatosha	umeshatosha	kumeshatosha	pameshatosha	mumeshatosha

"Not yet"
Negative	sijatosha	hatujatosha	hujatosha	hamjatosha	hajatosha	hawajatosha	haujatosha	haijatosha	halijatosha	hayajatosha	hakijatosha	havijatosha	haijatosha	hazijatosha	haujatosha	hakujatosha	hapajatosha	hamujatosha

"If/When"
Positive	nikitosha	tukitosha	ukitosha	mkitosha	akitosha	wakitosha	ukitosha	ikitosha	likitosha	yakitosha	kikitosha	vikitosha	ikitosha	zikitosha	ukitosha	kukitosha	pakitosha	mukitosha

"If not"
Negative	nisipotosha	tusipotosha	usipotosha	msipotosha	asipotosha	wasipotosha	usipotosha	isipotosha	lisipotosha	yasipotosha	kisipotosha	visipotosha	isipotosha	zisipotosha	usipotosha	kusipotosha	pasipotosha	musipotosha

Consecutive
Positive	nikatosha	tukatosha	ukatosha	mkatosha	akatosha	wakatosha	ukatosha	ikatosha	likatosha	yakatosha	kikatosha	vikatosha	ikatosha	zikatosha	ukatosha	kukatosha	pakatosha	mukatosha

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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