tabhair

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish ·tabair, prototonic form of do·beir.

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ˠuːɾʲ/
(Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ˠoːɾʲ/
Note: The phrase tabhair dhom (“give me, gimme”) is pronounced /ˈt̪ˠɔɾˠəmˠ/ in rapid speech.

Verb

tabhair (present analytic tugann, future analytic tabharfaidh, verbal noun tabhairt, past participle tugtha)

give
bring

Conjugation

Conjugation of tabhair

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	tugaim	tugann tú; tugair^†	tugann sé, sí	tugaimid; tugann muid	tugann sibh	tugann siad; tugaid^†	a thugann; a thugas / a dtugann; a dtugas	tugtar
	past	thug mé; thugas	thug tú; thugais	thug sé, sí	thugamar; thug muid	thug sibh; thugabhair	thug siad; thugadar	a thug / ar thug*	tugadh
	past habitual	thugainn	thugtá	thugadh sé, sí	thugaimis; thugadh muid	thugadh sibh	thugaidís; thugadh siad	a thugadh / ar thugadh*	thugtaí
	future	tabharfaidh mé; tabharfad	tabharfaidh tú; tabharfair^†	tabharfaidh sé, sí	tabharfaimid; tabharfaidh muid	tabharfaidh sibh	tabharfaidh siad; tabharfaid^†	a thabharfaidh; a thabharfas / a dtabharfaidh; a dtabharfas	tabharfar
conditional		thabharfainn / dtabharfainn‡‡	thabharfá / dtabharfá‡‡	thabharfadh sé, sí / dtabharfadh sé, sí‡‡	thabharfaimis; thabharfadh muid / dtabharfaimis‡‡; dtabharfadh muid‡‡	thabharfadh sibh / dtabharfadh sibh‡‡	thabharfaidís; thabharfadh siad / dtabharfaidís‡‡; dtabharfadh siad‡‡	a thabharfadh / ar thabharfadh*	thabharfaí / dtabharfaí‡‡
subjunctive	present	go dtuga mé; go dtugad^†	go dtuga tú; go dtugair^†	go dtuga sé, sí	go dtugaimid; go dtuga muid	go dtuga sibh	go dtuga siad; go dtugaid^†	—	go dtugtar
subjunctive	past	dá dtugainn	dá dtugtá	dá dtugadh sé, sí	dá dtugaimis; dá dtugadh muid	dá dtugadh sibh	dá dtugaidís; dá dtugadh siad	—	dá dtugtaí
imperative		tugaim	tabhair	tugadh sé, sí	tugaimis	tugaigí; tugaidh^†	tugaidís	—	tugtar
verbal noun		tabhairt
past participle		tugtha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

In older literary language, and sometimes in spoken language, additional forms built on the stems bheir- and tabhr- are found:

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present independent	bheirim	bheir tú; bheirir	bheir sé, sí	bheirimid; bheir muid	bheir sibh	bheir siad; bheirid	a bheir; a bheireas	bheirtear
	present dependent	tabhraim	tabhrann tú; tabhrair	tabhrann sé, sí	tabhraimid; tabhrann muid	tabhrann sibh	tabhrann siad; tabhraid	a dtabhrann; a dtabhras	tabhartar
	past habitual independent	bheirinn	bheirteá	bheireadh sé, sí	bheirimis; bheireadh muid	bheireadh sibh	bheiridís; bheireadh siad	a bheireadh	bheirtí
	past habitual dependent	tabhrainn	tabhartá	tabhradh sé, sí	tabhraimis; tabhradh muid	tabhradh sibh	tabhraidís; tabhradh siad	a dtabhradh*	tabhartaí
	future independent	bhéarfaidh mé; bhéarfad	bhéarfaidh tú; bhéarfair	bhéarfaidh sé, sí	bhéarfaimid; bhéarfaidh muid	bhéarfaidh sibh	bhéarfaidh siad; bhéarfaid	a bhéarfaidh; a bhéarfas	bhéarfar
	future dependent	tiubhraidh mé; tiubhrad	tiubhraidh tú; tiubhrair	tiubhraidh sé, sí	tiubhraimid; tiubhraidh muid	tiubhraidh sibh	tiubhraidh siad; tiubhraid	a dtiubhraidh; a dtiubhras	tiubhrar
conditional independent		bhéarfainn	bhéarfá	bhéarfadh sé, sí	bhéarfaimis; bhéarfadh muid	bhéarfadh sibh	bhéarfaidís; bhéarfadh siad	a bhéarfadh	bhéarfaí
conditional dependent		tiubhrainn	tiubhrá	tiubhradh sé, sí	tiubhraimis; tiubhradh muid	tiubhradh sibh	tiubhraidís; tiubhradh siad	a dtiubhradh*	tiubhraí
imperative		tabhraim	tabhair	tabhradh sé, sí	tabhraimis	tabhraigí; tabhraidh	tabhraidís	—	tabhartar

Derived terms

tabhair aird (“pay attention, heed”)
tabhair ar (“give in exchange for; call, name”)
tabhair as (“take, bring, out of”)
tabhair chuig, tabhair chun (“take to; bring to”)
tabhair do (“give to; yield, concede, to”)
tabhair faoi (“attempt, undertake; attack”)
tabhair i (“take, bring, into”)
tabhair isteach (“introduce; retrieve”)
tabhair le (“grasp mentally, infer; turn towards”)
tabhair ó (“bring from; make, attempt”)
tabhair suas (“give up”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
tabhair	thabhair	dtabhair
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

“do·beir” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
“do-bheirim” in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, 2nd ed., 1927, by Patrick S. Dinneen.
“tugaim” in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, 2nd ed., 1927, by Patrick S. Dinneen.
"tabhair" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish ·tabair, prototonic form of do·beir.

Verb

tabhair (past thug, future bheir, verbal noun toirt, past participle tugta)

give, bestow, grant

Usage notes

tabhair and thoir are interchangeable.

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
tabhair	thabhair
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

“do·beir” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
Faclair Gàidhlig Dwelly Air Loidhne, Dwelly, Edward (1911), Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic-English Dictionary (10th ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language (John Grant, Edinburgh, 1925, Compiled by Malcolm MacLennan)

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