sḫd

See also: shd, sḥd, and sḥḏ

Egyptian

Etymology

Prefixed with s-.

Pronunciation

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

  1. (transitive) to invert

Inflection
Conjugation of sḫd (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sḫd
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sḫdt, sḫd
 sḫdw, sḫd
 sḫdt
 sḫd
 sḫd
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sḫd
 ḥr sḫd
 m sḫd
 r sḫd
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sḫd.n
 sḫdw, sḫd
 consecutive sḫd.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sḫdt
perfective3 sḫd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative sḫd.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sḫd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sḫdw, sḫd, sḫdy
 sḫdw, sḫd, sḫdy
 potentialis sḫd.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sḫd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sḫd.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective sḫd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sḫd
 sḫd, sḫdw5, sḫdy5
imperfective sḫd, sḫdy, sḫdw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sḫd, sḫdj6, sḫdy6
 sḫd, sḫdw5
prospective sḫd, sḫdtj7
 — sḫdwtj1 4, sḫdtj4, sḫdt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sḫd  
sḫd

Derived terms

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 290 page 158, 290.
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