sfḫ

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ fḫ (“to loosen, to give up”).

Pronunciation

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

  1. (transitive) to loosen, to untie (ropes, etc.)
  2. (transitive) to unlatch, to release
  3. (transitive) to take off (clothes, adornments, etc.)
  4. (transitive) to purify oneself of, to remove (evil)

Inflection
Conjugation of sfḫ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sfḫ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sfḫt, sfḫ
 sfḫw, sfḫ
 sfḫt
 sfḫ
 sfḫ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sfḫ
 ḥr sfḫ
 m sfḫ
 r sfḫ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sfḫ.n
 sfḫw, sfḫ
 consecutive sfḫ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sfḫt
perfective3 sfḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative sfḫ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sfḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sfḫw, sfḫ, sfḫy
 sfḫw, sfḫ, sfḫy
 potentialis sfḫ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sfḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sfḫ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective sfḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sfḫ
 sfḫ, sfḫw5, sfḫy5
imperfective sfḫ, sfḫy, sfḫw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sfḫ, sfḫj6, sfḫy6
 sfḫ, sfḫw5
prospective sfḫ, sfḫtj7
 — sfḫwtj1 4, sfḫtj4, sfḫt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

References
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 116.2–117.5
  • Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 225
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