restreindre
French
Etymology
From Middle French rétraindre, from Old French restreindre, restraindre, borrowed from Latin restringere, present active infinitive of restringō, and adapted in conjugation to étreindre (Old French estreindre).
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in ‘t’ instead of a vowel.
Conjugation of restreindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | restreignant /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | restreint /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | restreindre | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | restreignant /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | restreins /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃/ |
restreins /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃/ |
restreint /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃/ |
restreignons /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ |
restreignez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲe/ |
restreignent /ʁɛs.tʁɛɲ/ |
| imperfect | restreignais /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ |
restreignais /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ |
restreignait /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ |
restreignions /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ |
restreigniez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲje/ |
restreignaient /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | restreignis /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲi/ |
restreignis /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲi/ |
restreignit /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲi/ |
restreignîmes /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲim/ |
restreignîtes /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲit/ |
restreignirent /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲiʁ/ | |
| future | restreindrai /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁe/ |
restreindras /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁa/ |
restreindra /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁa/ |
restreindrons /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
restreindrez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁe/ |
restreindront /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | restreindrais /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
restreindrais /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
restreindrait /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
restreindrions /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
restreindriez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
restreindraient /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | restreigne /ʁɛs.tʁɛɲ/ |
restreignes /ʁɛs.tʁɛɲ/ |
restreigne /ʁɛs.tʁɛɲ/ |
restreignions /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ |
restreigniez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲje/ |
restreignent /ʁɛs.tʁɛɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | restreignisse /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲis/ |
restreignisses /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲis/ |
restreignît /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲi/ |
restreignissions /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ |
restreignissiez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲi.sje/ |
restreignissent /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | restreins /ʁɛs.tʁɛ̃/ |
— | restreignons /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ |
restreignez /ʁɛs.tʁɛ.ɲe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “restreindre” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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