respirer
French
Etymology
From Middle French respirer, from Old French respirer, borrowed from Latin respīrāre, present active infinitive of respīrō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁɛs.pi.ʁe/
audio (file)
Verb
respirer
Conjugation
Conjugation of respirer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | respirant /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | respiré /ʁɛs.pi.ʁe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | respirer | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | respirant /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | respire /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
respires /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
respire /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
respirons /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɔ̃/ |
respirez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁe/ |
respirent /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
| imperfect | respirais /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɛ/ |
respirais /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɛ/ |
respirait /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɛ/ |
respirions /ʁɛs.pi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
respiriez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁje/ |
respiraient /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | respirai /ʁɛs.pi.ʁe/ |
respiras /ʁɛs.pi.ʁa/ |
respira /ʁɛs.pi.ʁa/ |
respirâmes /ʁɛs.pi.ʁam/ |
respirâtes /ʁɛs.pi.ʁat/ |
respirèrent /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | respirerai /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁe/ |
respireras /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁa/ |
respirera /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁa/ |
respirerons /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
respirerez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁe/ |
respireront /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | respirerais /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
respirerais /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
respirerait /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
respirerions /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
respireriez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁje/ |
respireraient /ʁɛs.pi.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | respire /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
respires /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
respire /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
respirions /ʁɛs.pi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
respiriez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁje/ |
respirent /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | respirasse /ʁɛs.pi.ʁas/ |
respirasses /ʁɛs.pi.ʁas/ |
respirât /ʁɛs.pi.ʁa/ |
respirassions /ʁɛs.pi.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
respirassiez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁa.sje/ |
respirassent /ʁɛs.pi.ʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | respire /ʁɛs.piʁ/ |
— | respirons /ʁɛs.pi.ʁɔ̃/ |
respirez /ʁɛs.pi.ʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
References
Further reading
- “respirer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French respirer.
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of respirer
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | respirer | avoir respiré | |||||
| gerund | en respirant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | respirant | ||||||
| past participle | respiré | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (may be i' before a vowel) | tu | il | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | respire | respires | respire | respirons | respirez | respirent |
| imperfect | respirois, respiroys | respirois, respiroys | respiroit, respiroyt | respirions, respiryons | respiriez, respiryez | respiroient, respiroyent | |
| past historic | respira | respiras | respira | respirasmes | respirastes | respirerent | |
| future | respirerai, respireray | respireras | respirera | respirerons | respirerez | respireront | |
| conditional | respirerois, respireroys | respirerois, respireroys | respireroit, respireroyt | respirerions, respireryons | respireriez, respireryez | respireroient, respireroyent | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie | que tu | qu'il | que nous | que vous | qu'ilz, qu'elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | respire | respires | respire | respirons | respirez | respirent |
| imperfect | respirasse | respirasses | respirast | respirassions | respirassiez | respirassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | respire | — | respirons | respirez | — | ||
Old French
Verb
respirer
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of respirer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | respirer | avoir respiré | |||||
| gerund | en respirant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | respirant | ||||||
| past participle | respiré | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | respir | respires | respire | respirons | respirez | respirent |
| imperfect | respiroie, respireie, respiroe, respireve | respiroies, respireies, respiroes, respireves | respiroit, respireit, respirot, respireve | respiriiens, respiriens | respiriiez, respiriez | respiroient, respireient, respiroent, respirevent | |
| preterite | respirai | respiras | respira | respirames | respirastes | respirerent | |
| future | respirerai | respireras | respirera | respirerons | respireroiz, respirereiz, respirerez | respireront | |
| conditional | respireroie, respirereie | respireroies, respirereies | respireroit, respirereit | respireriiens, respireriens | respireriiez, respireriez | respireroient, respirereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | respir | respirs | respirt | respirons | respirez | respirent |
| imperfect | respirasse | respirasses | respirast | respirissons, respirissiens | respirissoiz, respirissez, respirissiez | respirassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | respire | — | respirons | respirez | — | ||
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (respirer, supplement)
Romansch
Alternative forms
- (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) respirar
Etymology
From Latin respīrō, respīrāre.
Synonyms
- (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) fladar
- (Rumantsch Grischun) trair flad, trair il flad
- (Sursilvan) trer flad
- (Sutsilvan) trer flo
- (Surmiran) trer igl flo
- (Puter) trer fled, trer il fled
- (Vallader) trar il flà
Walloon
Etymology
From Old French respirer, a borrowing from Latin respīrō, respīrāre.
Conjugation
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| infinitive | respirer | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | respirant | ||||||
| auxiliary | aveur | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | respiré | respireye | |||||
| plural | respirés | respireyes | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | dji (dj') | tu (t') | i (il) / ele | dji (dj') / nos | vos | i (il) | |
| present | respire | respires | respire | respirans | respirez | respirnut or respirèt | |
| imperfect | respireve | respireves | respireve | respirins | respirîz | respirint | |
| preterit | respira | respiras | respira | respirîs | respirîz | respirît | |
| future | respirrè | respirrès | respirrè | respirrans | respirroz | respirront | |
| conditional | respirreu | respirreus | respirreut | respirrins | respirrîz | respirrint | |
| subjunctive | ki dj' | ki t' | k' i (il) / k' ele | ki dj' / ki nos | ki vos | k' i (il) | |
| present | respire | respires | respire | respiranxhe | respirexhe | respirnuxhe or respirèxhe | |
| present | respiraxhe | respiraxhes | respiraxhe | respirinxhe | respirîxhe | respirinxhe | |
| imperative | — | tu | — | dji / nos | vos | — | |
| affirmative | respire | respirans | respirez | ||||
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