potesha

Swahili

Verb

-potesha (infinitive kupotesha)

Causative form of -pota

Conjugation

Conjugation of -potesha

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kupotesha

kutopotesha

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

potesha

potesheni

Habitual

hupotesha

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nilipotesha nalipotesha	tulipotesha twalipotesha	ulipotesha walipotesha	mlipotesha mwalipotesha	alipotesha	walipotesha	ulipotesha	ilipotesha	lilipotesha	yalipotesha	kilipotesha	vilipotesha	ilipotesha	zilipotesha	ulipotesha	kulipotesha	palipotesha	mulipotesha
Relative	niliopotesha naliopotesha	tuliopotesha twaliopotesha	uliopotesha waliopotesha	mliopotesha mwaliopotesha	aliopotesha	waliopotesha	uliopotesha	iliopotesha	liliopotesha	yaliopotesha	kiliopotesha	viliopotesha	iliopotesha	ziliopotesha	uliopotesha	kuliopotesha	paliopotesha	muliopotesha
Negative	sikupotesha	hatukupotesha	hukupotesha	hamkupotesha	hakupotesha	hawakupotesha	haukupotesha	haikupotesha	halikupotesha	hayakupotesha	hakikupotesha	havikupotesha	haikupotesha	hazikupotesha	haukupotesha	hakukupotesha	hapakupotesha	hamukupotesha

Present
Positive	ninapotesha napotesha	tunapotesha	unapotesha	mnapotesha	anapotesha	wanapotesha	unapotesha	inapotesha	linapotesha	yanapotesha	kinapotesha	vinapotesha	inapotesha	zinapotesha	unapotesha	kunapotesha	panapotesha	munapotesha
Relative	ninaopotesha naopotesha	tunaopotesha	unaopotesha	mnaopotesha	anaopotesha	wanaopotesha	unaopotesha	inaopotesha	linaopotesha	yanaopotesha	kinaopotesha	vinaopotesha	inaopotesha	zinaopotesha	unaopotesha	kunaopotesha	panaopotesha	munaopotesha
Negative	sipoteshi	hatupoteshi	hupoteshi	hampoteshi	hapoteshi	hawapoteshi	haupoteshi	haipoteshi	halipoteshi	hayapoteshi	hakipoteshi	havipoteshi	haipoteshi	hazipoteshi	haupoteshi	hakupoteshi	hapapoteshi	hamupoteshi

Future
Positive	nitapotesha	tutapotesha	utapotesha	mtapotesha	atapotesha	watapotesha	utapotesha	itapotesha	litapotesha	yatapotesha	kitapotesha	vitapotesha	itapotesha	zitapotesha	utapotesha	kutapotesha	patapotesha	mutapotesha
Relative	nitakaopotesha	tutakaopotesha	utakaopotesha	mtakaopotesha	atakaopotesha	watakaopotesha	utakaopotesha	itakaopotesha	litakaopotesha	yatakaopotesha	kitakaopotesha	vitakaopotesha	itakaopotesha	zitakaopotesha	utakaopotesha	kutakaopotesha	patakaopotesha	mutakaopotesha
Negative	sitapotesha	hatutapotesha	hutapotesha	hamtapotesha	hatapotesha	hawatapotesha	hautapotesha	haitapotesha	halitapotesha	hayatapotesha	hakitapotesha	havitapotesha	haitapotesha	hazitapotesha	hautapotesha	hakutapotesha	hapatapotesha	hamutapotesha

Subjunctive
Positive	nipoteshe	tupoteshe	upoteshe	mpoteshe	apoteshe	wapoteshe	upoteshe	ipoteshe	lipoteshe	yapoteshe	kipoteshe	vipoteshe	ipoteshe	zipoteshe	upoteshe	kupoteshe	papoteshe	mupoteshe
Negative	nisipoteshe	tusipoteshe	usipoteshe	msipoteshe	asipoteshe	wasipoteshe	usipoteshe	isipoteshe	lisipoteshe	yasipoteshe	kisipoteshe	visipoteshe	isipoteshe	zisipoteshe	usipoteshe	kusipoteshe	pasipoteshe	musipoteshe

Present Conditional
Positive	ningepotesha	tungepotesha	ungepotesha	mngepotesha	angepotesha	wangepotesha	ungepotesha	ingepotesha	lingepotesha	yangepotesha	kingepotesha	vingepotesha	ingepotesha	zingepotesha	ungepotesha	kungepotesha	pangepotesha	mungepotesha
Negative	nisingepotesha singepotesha	tusingepotesha hatungepotesha	usingepotesha hungepotesha	msingepotesha hamngepotesha	asingepotesha hangepotesha	wasingepotesha hawangepotesha	usingepotesha haungepotesha	isingepotesha haingepotesha	lisingepotesha halingepotesha	yasingepotesha hayangepotesha	kisingepotesha hakingepotesha	visingepotesha havingepotesha	isingepotesha haingepotesha	zisingepotesha hazingepotesha	usingepotesha haungepotesha	kusingepotesha hakungepotesha	pasingepotesha hapangepotesha	musingepotesha hamungepotesha

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalipotesha	tungalipotesha	ungalipotesha	mngalipotesha	angalipotesha	wangalipotesha	ungalipotesha	ingalipotesha	lingalipotesha	yangalipotesha	kingalipotesha	vingalipotesha	ingalipotesha	zingalipotesha	ungalipotesha	kungalipotesha	pangalipotesha	mungalipotesha
Negative	nisingalipotesha singalipotesha	tusingalipotesha hatungalipotesha	usingalipotesha hungalipotesha	msingalipotesha hamngalipotesha	asingalipotesha hangalipotesha	wasingalipotesha hawangalipotesha	usingalipotesha haungalipotesha	isingalipotesha haingalipotesha	lisingalipotesha halingalipotesha	yasingalipotesha hayangalipotesha	kisingalipotesha hakingalipotesha	visingalipotesha havingalipotesha	isingalipotesha haingalipotesha	zisingalipotesha hazingalipotesha	usingalipotesha haungalipotesha	kusingalipotesha hakungalipotesha	pasingalipotesha hapangalipotesha	musingalipotesha hamungalipotesha

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelipotesha	tungelipotesha	ungelipotesha	mngelipotesha	angelipotesha	wangelipotesha	ungelipotesha	ingelipotesha	lingelipotesha	yangelipotesha	kingelipotesha	vingelipotesha	ingelipotesha	zingelipotesha	ungelipotesha	kungelipotesha	pangelipotesha	mungelipotesha

General Relative
Positive	nipoteshao	tupoteshao	upoteshao	mpoteshao	apoteshao	wapoteshao	upoteshao	ipoteshao	lipoteshao	yapoteshao	kipoteshao	vipoteshao	ipoteshao	zipoteshao	upoteshao	kupoteshao	papoteshao	mupoteshao
Negative	nisiopotesha	tusiopotesha	usiopotesha	msiopotesha	asiopotesha	wasiopotesha	usiopotesha	isiopotesha	lisiopotesha	yasiopotesha	kisiopotesha	visiopotesha	isiopotesha	zisiopotesha	usiopotesha	kusiopotesha	pasiopotesha	musiopotesha

Gnomic
Positive	napotesha	twapotesha	wapotesha	mwapotesha	apotesha	wapotesha	wapotesha	yapotesha	lapotesha	yapotesha	chapotesha	vyapotesha	yapotesha	zapotesha	wapotesha	kwapotesha	papotesha	mwapotesha

Perfect
Positive	nimepotesha	tumepotesha	umepotesha	mmepotesha	amepotesha	wamepotesha	umepotesha	imepotesha	limepotesha	yamepotesha	kimepotesha	vimepotesha	imepotesha	zimepotesha	umepotesha	kumepotesha	pamepotesha	mumepotesha

"Already"
Positive	nimeshapotesha	tumeshapotesha	umeshapotesha	mmeshapotesha	ameshapotesha	wameshapotesha	umeshapotesha	imeshapotesha	limeshapotesha	yameshapotesha	kimeshapotesha	vimeshapotesha	imeshapotesha	zimeshapotesha	umeshapotesha	kumeshapotesha	pameshapotesha	mumeshapotesha

"Not yet"
Negative	sijapotesha	hatujapotesha	hujapotesha	hamjapotesha	hajapotesha	hawajapotesha	haujapotesha	haijapotesha	halijapotesha	hayajapotesha	hakijapotesha	havijapotesha	haijapotesha	hazijapotesha	haujapotesha	hakujapotesha	hapajapotesha	hamujapotesha

"If/When"
Positive	nikipotesha	tukipotesha	ukipotesha	mkipotesha	akipotesha	wakipotesha	ukipotesha	ikipotesha	likipotesha	yakipotesha	kikipotesha	vikipotesha	ikipotesha	zikipotesha	ukipotesha	kukipotesha	pakipotesha	mukipotesha

"If not"
Negative	nisipopotesha	tusipopotesha	usipopotesha	msipopotesha	asipopotesha	wasipopotesha	usipopotesha	isipopotesha	lisipopotesha	yasipopotesha	kisipopotesha	visipopotesha	isipopotesha	zisipopotesha	usipopotesha	kusipopotesha	pasipopotesha	musipopotesha

Consecutive
Positive	nikapotesha	tukapotesha	ukapotesha	mkapotesha	akapotesha	wakapotesha	ukapotesha	ikapotesha	likapotesha	yakapotesha	kikapotesha	vikapotesha	ikapotesha	zikapotesha	ukapotesha	kukapotesha	pakapotesha	mukapotesha

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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