pona

See also: póna, poña, and p’óna

Ladin

Adverb

pona

then; later

Synonyms

dò; dapò; dapodò

Swahili

Verb

-pona (infinitive kupona)

to heal, to recover
to survive

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pona

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kupona

kutopona

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

pona

poneni

Habitual

hupona

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nilipona nalipona	tulipona twalipona	ulipona walipona	mlipona mwalipona	alipona	walipona	ulipona	ilipona	lilipona	yalipona	kilipona	vilipona	ilipona	zilipona	ulipona	kulipona	palipona	mulipona
Relative	niliopona naliopona	tuliopona twaliopona	uliopona waliopona	mliopona mwaliopona	aliopona	waliopona	uliopona	iliopona	liliopona	yaliopona	kiliopona	viliopona	iliopona	ziliopona	uliopona	kuliopona	paliopona	muliopona
Negative	sikupona	hatukupona	hukupona	hamkupona	hakupona	hawakupona	haukupona	haikupona	halikupona	hayakupona	hakikupona	havikupona	haikupona	hazikupona	haukupona	hakukupona	hapakupona	hamukupona

Present
Positive	ninapona napona	tunapona	unapona	mnapona	anapona	wanapona	unapona	inapona	linapona	yanapona	kinapona	vinapona	inapona	zinapona	unapona	kunapona	panapona	munapona
Relative	ninaopona naopona	tunaopona	unaopona	mnaopona	anaopona	wanaopona	unaopona	inaopona	linaopona	yanaopona	kinaopona	vinaopona	inaopona	zinaopona	unaopona	kunaopona	panaopona	munaopona
Negative	siponi	hatuponi	huponi	hamponi	haponi	hawaponi	hauponi	haiponi	haliponi	hayaponi	hakiponi	haviponi	haiponi	haziponi	hauponi	hakuponi	hapaponi	hamuponi

Future
Positive	nitapona	tutapona	utapona	mtapona	atapona	watapona	utapona	itapona	litapona	yatapona	kitapona	vitapona	itapona	zitapona	utapona	kutapona	patapona	mutapona
Relative	nitakaopona	tutakaopona	utakaopona	mtakaopona	atakaopona	watakaopona	utakaopona	itakaopona	litakaopona	yatakaopona	kitakaopona	vitakaopona	itakaopona	zitakaopona	utakaopona	kutakaopona	patakaopona	mutakaopona
Negative	sitapona	hatutapona	hutapona	hamtapona	hatapona	hawatapona	hautapona	haitapona	halitapona	hayatapona	hakitapona	havitapona	haitapona	hazitapona	hautapona	hakutapona	hapatapona	hamutapona

Subjunctive
Positive	nipone	tupone	upone	mpone	apone	wapone	upone	ipone	lipone	yapone	kipone	vipone	ipone	zipone	upone	kupone	papone	mupone
Negative	nisipone	tusipone	usipone	msipone	asipone	wasipone	usipone	isipone	lisipone	yasipone	kisipone	visipone	isipone	zisipone	usipone	kusipone	pasipone	musipone

Present Conditional
Positive	ningepona	tungepona	ungepona	mngepona	angepona	wangepona	ungepona	ingepona	lingepona	yangepona	kingepona	vingepona	ingepona	zingepona	ungepona	kungepona	pangepona	mungepona
Negative	nisingepona singepona	tusingepona hatungepona	usingepona hungepona	msingepona hamngepona	asingepona hangepona	wasingepona hawangepona	usingepona haungepona	isingepona haingepona	lisingepona halingepona	yasingepona hayangepona	kisingepona hakingepona	visingepona havingepona	isingepona haingepona	zisingepona hazingepona	usingepona haungepona	kusingepona hakungepona	pasingepona hapangepona	musingepona hamungepona

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalipona	tungalipona	ungalipona	mngalipona	angalipona	wangalipona	ungalipona	ingalipona	lingalipona	yangalipona	kingalipona	vingalipona	ingalipona	zingalipona	ungalipona	kungalipona	pangalipona	mungalipona
Negative	nisingalipona singalipona	tusingalipona hatungalipona	usingalipona hungalipona	msingalipona hamngalipona	asingalipona hangalipona	wasingalipona hawangalipona	usingalipona haungalipona	isingalipona haingalipona	lisingalipona halingalipona	yasingalipona hayangalipona	kisingalipona hakingalipona	visingalipona havingalipona	isingalipona haingalipona	zisingalipona hazingalipona	usingalipona haungalipona	kusingalipona hakungalipona	pasingalipona hapangalipona	musingalipona hamungalipona

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelipona	tungelipona	ungelipona	mngelipona	angelipona	wangelipona	ungelipona	ingelipona	lingelipona	yangelipona	kingelipona	vingelipona	ingelipona	zingelipona	ungelipona	kungelipona	pangelipona	mungelipona

General Relative
Positive	niponao	tuponao	uponao	mponao	aponao	waponao	uponao	iponao	liponao	yaponao	kiponao	viponao	iponao	ziponao	uponao	kuponao	paponao	muponao
Negative	nisiopona	tusiopona	usiopona	msiopona	asiopona	wasiopona	usiopona	isiopona	lisiopona	yasiopona	kisiopona	visiopona	isiopona	zisiopona	usiopona	kusiopona	pasiopona	musiopona

Gnomic
Positive	napona	twapona	wapona	mwapona	apona	wapona	wapona	yapona	lapona	yapona	chapona	vyapona	yapona	zapona	wapona	kwapona	papona	mwapona

Perfect
Positive	nimepona	tumepona	umepona	mmepona	amepona	wamepona	umepona	imepona	limepona	yamepona	kimepona	vimepona	imepona	zimepona	umepona	kumepona	pamepona	mumepona

"Already"
Positive	nimeshapona	tumeshapona	umeshapona	mmeshapona	ameshapona	wameshapona	umeshapona	imeshapona	limeshapona	yameshapona	kimeshapona	vimeshapona	imeshapona	zimeshapona	umeshapona	kumeshapona	pameshapona	mumeshapona

"Not yet"
Negative	sijapona	hatujapona	hujapona	hamjapona	hajapona	hawajapona	haujapona	haijapona	halijapona	hayajapona	hakijapona	havijapona	haijapona	hazijapona	haujapona	hakujapona	hapajapona	hamujapona

"If/When"
Positive	nikipona	tukipona	ukipona	mkipona	akipona	wakipona	ukipona	ikipona	likipona	yakipona	kikipona	vikipona	ikipona	zikipona	ukipona	kukipona	pakipona	mukipona

"If not"
Negative	nisipopona	tusipopona	usipopona	msipopona	asipopona	wasipopona	usipopona	isipopona	lisipopona	yasipopona	kisipopona	visipopona	isipopona	zisipopona	usipopona	kusipopona	pasipopona	musipopona

Consecutive
Positive	nikapona	tukapona	ukapona	mkapona	akapona	wakapona	ukapona	ikapona	likapona	yakapona	kikapona	vikapona	ikapona	zikapona	ukapona	kukapona	pakapona	mukapona

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Causative: -ponesha
- Passive: -ponwa

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