pendana

Swahili

Verb

-pendana (infinitive kupendana)

Reciprocal form of -penda

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pendana

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kupendana

kutopendana

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

pendana

pendaneni

Habitual

hupendana

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nilipendana nalipendana	tulipendana twalipendana	ulipendana walipendana	mlipendana mwalipendana	alipendana	walipendana	ulipendana	ilipendana	lilipendana	yalipendana	kilipendana	vilipendana	ilipendana	zilipendana	ulipendana	kulipendana	palipendana	mulipendana
Relative	niliopendana naliopendana	tuliopendana twaliopendana	uliopendana waliopendana	mliopendana mwaliopendana	aliopendana	waliopendana	uliopendana	iliopendana	liliopendana	yaliopendana	kiliopendana	viliopendana	iliopendana	ziliopendana	uliopendana	kuliopendana	paliopendana	muliopendana
Negative	sikupendana	hatukupendana	hukupendana	hamkupendana	hakupendana	hawakupendana	haukupendana	haikupendana	halikupendana	hayakupendana	hakikupendana	havikupendana	haikupendana	hazikupendana	haukupendana	hakukupendana	hapakupendana	hamukupendana

Present
Positive	ninapendana napendana	tunapendana	unapendana	mnapendana	anapendana	wanapendana	unapendana	inapendana	linapendana	yanapendana	kinapendana	vinapendana	inapendana	zinapendana	unapendana	kunapendana	panapendana	munapendana
Relative	ninaopendana naopendana	tunaopendana	unaopendana	mnaopendana	anaopendana	wanaopendana	unaopendana	inaopendana	linaopendana	yanaopendana	kinaopendana	vinaopendana	inaopendana	zinaopendana	unaopendana	kunaopendana	panaopendana	munaopendana
Negative	sipendani	hatupendani	hupendani	hampendani	hapendani	hawapendani	haupendani	haipendani	halipendani	hayapendani	hakipendani	havipendani	haipendani	hazipendani	haupendani	hakupendani	hapapendani	hamupendani

Future
Positive	nitapendana	tutapendana	utapendana	mtapendana	atapendana	watapendana	utapendana	itapendana	litapendana	yatapendana	kitapendana	vitapendana	itapendana	zitapendana	utapendana	kutapendana	patapendana	mutapendana
Relative	nitakaopendana	tutakaopendana	utakaopendana	mtakaopendana	atakaopendana	watakaopendana	utakaopendana	itakaopendana	litakaopendana	yatakaopendana	kitakaopendana	vitakaopendana	itakaopendana	zitakaopendana	utakaopendana	kutakaopendana	patakaopendana	mutakaopendana
Negative	sitapendana	hatutapendana	hutapendana	hamtapendana	hatapendana	hawatapendana	hautapendana	haitapendana	halitapendana	hayatapendana	hakitapendana	havitapendana	haitapendana	hazitapendana	hautapendana	hakutapendana	hapatapendana	hamutapendana

Subjunctive
Positive	nipendane	tupendane	upendane	mpendane	apendane	wapendane	upendane	ipendane	lipendane	yapendane	kipendane	vipendane	ipendane	zipendane	upendane	kupendane	papendane	mupendane
Negative	nisipendane	tusipendane	usipendane	msipendane	asipendane	wasipendane	usipendane	isipendane	lisipendane	yasipendane	kisipendane	visipendane	isipendane	zisipendane	usipendane	kusipendane	pasipendane	musipendane

Present Conditional
Positive	ningependana	tungependana	ungependana	mngependana	angependana	wangependana	ungependana	ingependana	lingependana	yangependana	kingependana	vingependana	ingependana	zingependana	ungependana	kungependana	pangependana	mungependana
Negative	nisingependana singependana	tusingependana hatungependana	usingependana hungependana	msingependana hamngependana	asingependana hangependana	wasingependana hawangependana	usingependana haungependana	isingependana haingependana	lisingependana halingependana	yasingependana hayangependana	kisingependana hakingependana	visingependana havingependana	isingependana haingependana	zisingependana hazingependana	usingependana haungependana	kusingependana hakungependana	pasingependana hapangependana	musingependana hamungependana

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalipendana	tungalipendana	ungalipendana	mngalipendana	angalipendana	wangalipendana	ungalipendana	ingalipendana	lingalipendana	yangalipendana	kingalipendana	vingalipendana	ingalipendana	zingalipendana	ungalipendana	kungalipendana	pangalipendana	mungalipendana
Negative	nisingalipendana singalipendana	tusingalipendana hatungalipendana	usingalipendana hungalipendana	msingalipendana hamngalipendana	asingalipendana hangalipendana	wasingalipendana hawangalipendana	usingalipendana haungalipendana	isingalipendana haingalipendana	lisingalipendana halingalipendana	yasingalipendana hayangalipendana	kisingalipendana hakingalipendana	visingalipendana havingalipendana	isingalipendana haingalipendana	zisingalipendana hazingalipendana	usingalipendana haungalipendana	kusingalipendana hakungalipendana	pasingalipendana hapangalipendana	musingalipendana hamungalipendana

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelipendana	tungelipendana	ungelipendana	mngelipendana	angelipendana	wangelipendana	ungelipendana	ingelipendana	lingelipendana	yangelipendana	kingelipendana	vingelipendana	ingelipendana	zingelipendana	ungelipendana	kungelipendana	pangelipendana	mungelipendana

General Relative
Positive	nipendanao	tupendanao	upendanao	mpendanao	apendanao	wapendanao	upendanao	ipendanao	lipendanao	yapendanao	kipendanao	vipendanao	ipendanao	zipendanao	upendanao	kupendanao	papendanao	mupendanao
Negative	nisiopendana	tusiopendana	usiopendana	msiopendana	asiopendana	wasiopendana	usiopendana	isiopendana	lisiopendana	yasiopendana	kisiopendana	visiopendana	isiopendana	zisiopendana	usiopendana	kusiopendana	pasiopendana	musiopendana

Gnomic
Positive	napendana	twapendana	wapendana	mwapendana	apendana	wapendana	wapendana	yapendana	lapendana	yapendana	chapendana	vyapendana	yapendana	zapendana	wapendana	kwapendana	papendana	mwapendana

Perfect
Positive	nimependana	tumependana	umependana	mmependana	amependana	wamependana	umependana	imependana	limependana	yamependana	kimependana	vimependana	imependana	zimependana	umependana	kumependana	pamependana	mumependana

"Already"
Positive	nimeshapendana	tumeshapendana	umeshapendana	mmeshapendana	ameshapendana	wameshapendana	umeshapendana	imeshapendana	limeshapendana	yameshapendana	kimeshapendana	vimeshapendana	imeshapendana	zimeshapendana	umeshapendana	kumeshapendana	pameshapendana	mumeshapendana

"Not yet"
Negative	sijapendana	hatujapendana	hujapendana	hamjapendana	hajapendana	hawajapendana	haujapendana	haijapendana	halijapendana	hayajapendana	hakijapendana	havijapendana	haijapendana	hazijapendana	haujapendana	hakujapendana	hapajapendana	hamujapendana

"If/When"
Positive	nikipendana	tukipendana	ukipendana	mkipendana	akipendana	wakipendana	ukipendana	ikipendana	likipendana	yakipendana	kikipendana	vikipendana	ikipendana	zikipendana	ukipendana	kukipendana	pakipendana	mukipendana

"If not"
Negative	nisipopendana	tusipopendana	usipopendana	msipopendana	asipopendana	wasipopendana	usipopendana	isipopendana	lisipopendana	yasipopendana	kisipopendana	visipopendana	isipopendana	zisipopendana	usipopendana	kusipopendana	pasipopendana	musipopendana

Consecutive
Positive	nikapendana	tukapendana	ukapendana	mkapendana	akapendana	wakapendana	ukapendana	ikapendana	likapendana	yakapendana	kikapendana	vikapendana	ikapendana	zikapendana	ukapendana	kukapendana	pakapendana	mukapendana

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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