naitre
See also: naître
French
Usage notes
This spelling was a product of the 1990 French spelling reforms.
Conjugation
Conjugation of naitre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | naissant /nɛ.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | né /ne/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | naitre | ||||||
| compound | être + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | naissant /nɛ.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | étant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | nais /nɛ/ |
nais /nɛ/ |
nait /nɛ/ |
naissons /nɛ.sɔ̃/ |
naissez /nɛ.se/ |
naissent /nɛs/ |
| imperfect | naissais /nɛ.sɛ/ |
naissais /nɛ.sɛ/ |
naissait /nɛ.sɛ/ |
naissions /nɛ.sjɔ̃/ |
naissiez /nɛ.sje/ |
naissaient /nɛ.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | naquis /na.ki/ |
naquis /na.ki/ |
naquit /na.ki/ |
naquîmes /na.kim/ |
naquîtes /na.kit/ |
naquirent /na.kiʁ/ | |
| future | naitrai /nɛ.tʁe/ |
naitras /nɛ.tʁa/ |
naitra /nɛ.tʁa/ |
naitrons /nɛ.tʁɔ̃/ |
naitrez /nɛ.tʁe/ |
naitront /nɛ.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | naitrais /nɛ.tʁɛ/ |
naitrais /nɛ.tʁɛ/ |
naitrait /nɛ.tʁɛ/ |
naitrions /nɛ.tʁi.jɔ̃/ |
naitriez /nɛ.tʁi.je/ |
naitraient /nɛ.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | naisse /nɛs/ |
naisses /nɛs/ |
naisse /nɛs/ |
naissions /nɛ.sjɔ̃/ |
naissiez /nɛ.sje/ |
naissent /nɛs/ |
| imperfect2 | naquisse /na.kis/ |
naquisses /na.kis/ |
naquît /na.ki/ |
naquissions /na.ki.sjɔ̃/ |
naquissiez /na.ki.sje/ |
naquissent /na.kis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | nais /nɛ/ |
— | naissons /nɛ.sɔ̃/ |
naissez /nɛ.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of être + past participle | — | simple imperative of être + past participle | simple imperative of être + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “naitre” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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