lutter
See also: Lutter
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lutər/, [ˈlud̥ɐ]
Etymology 1
From Middle Low German lūtter (“clean, pure, unmixed”).
Adjective
lutter (neuter lutter, plural and definite singular attributive lutter)
Etymology 2
See lut (“lute”).
French
Etymology
From Old French luitier, loitier, luiter, from Vulgar Latin luctāre, from Latin luctārī, present active infinitive of luctor (“struggle”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”). Compare Portuguese lutar, Spanish luchar, Catalan lluitar, Italian lottare, Romanian lupta.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ly.te/
audio (file)
Verb
lutter
Conjugation
Conjugation of lutter (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | luttant /ly.tɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | lutté /ly.te/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | lutter | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | luttant /ly.tɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | lutte /lyt/ |
luttes /lyt/ |
lutte /lyt/ |
luttons /ly.tɔ̃/ |
luttez /ly.te/ |
luttent /lyt/ |
| imperfect | luttais /ly.tɛ/ |
luttais /ly.tɛ/ |
luttait /ly.tɛ/ |
luttions /ly.tjɔ̃/ |
luttiez /ly.tje/ |
luttaient /ly.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | luttai /ly.te/ |
luttas /ly.ta/ |
lutta /ly.ta/ |
luttâmes /ly.tam/ |
luttâtes /ly.tat/ |
luttèrent /ly.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | lutterai /ly.tʁe/ |
lutteras /ly.tʁa/ |
luttera /ly.tʁa/ |
lutterons /ly.tʁɔ̃/ |
lutterez /ly.tʁe/ |
lutteront /ly.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | lutterais /ly.tʁɛ/ |
lutterais /ly.tʁɛ/ |
lutterait /ly.tʁɛ/ |
lutterions /ly.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
lutteriez /ly.tə.ʁje/ |
lutteraient /ly.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | lutte /lyt/ |
luttes /lyt/ |
lutte /lyt/ |
luttions /ly.tjɔ̃/ |
luttiez /ly.tje/ |
luttent /lyt/ |
| imperfect2 | luttasse /ly.tas/ |
luttasses /ly.tas/ |
luttât /ly.ta/ |
luttassions /ly.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
luttassiez /ly.ta.sje/ |
luttassent /ly.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | lutte /lyt/ |
— | luttons /ly.tɔ̃/ |
luttez /ly.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
See also
Further reading
- “lutter” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
- von Wartburg, Walther (1928-2002), “lutter”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 377-378
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