lazimisha

Swahili

Etymology

From -lazima (“must”) +‎ -isha (“causative affix”).

Verb

-lazimisha (infinitive kulazimisha)

force, compel, oblige, require

Conjugation

Conjugation of -lazimisha

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kulazimisha

kutolazimisha

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

lazimisha

lazimisheni

Habitual

hulazimisha

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nililazimisha nalilazimisha	tulilazimisha twalilazimisha	ulilazimisha walilazimisha	mlilazimisha mwalilazimisha	alilazimisha	walilazimisha	ulilazimisha	ililazimisha	lililazimisha	yalilazimisha	kililazimisha	vililazimisha	ililazimisha	zililazimisha	ulilazimisha	kulilazimisha	palilazimisha	mulilazimisha
Relative	niliolazimisha naliolazimisha	tuliolazimisha twaliolazimisha	uliolazimisha waliolazimisha	mliolazimisha mwaliolazimisha	aliolazimisha	waliolazimisha	uliolazimisha	iliolazimisha	liliolazimisha	yaliolazimisha	kiliolazimisha	viliolazimisha	iliolazimisha	ziliolazimisha	uliolazimisha	kuliolazimisha	paliolazimisha	muliolazimisha
Negative	sikulazimisha	hatukulazimisha	hukulazimisha	hamkulazimisha	hakulazimisha	hawakulazimisha	haukulazimisha	haikulazimisha	halikulazimisha	hayakulazimisha	hakikulazimisha	havikulazimisha	haikulazimisha	hazikulazimisha	haukulazimisha	hakukulazimisha	hapakulazimisha	hamukulazimisha

Present
Positive	ninalazimisha nalazimisha	tunalazimisha	unalazimisha	mnalazimisha	analazimisha	wanalazimisha	unalazimisha	inalazimisha	linalazimisha	yanalazimisha	kinalazimisha	vinalazimisha	inalazimisha	zinalazimisha	unalazimisha	kunalazimisha	panalazimisha	munalazimisha
Relative	ninaolazimisha naolazimisha	tunaolazimisha	unaolazimisha	mnaolazimisha	anaolazimisha	wanaolazimisha	unaolazimisha	inaolazimisha	linaolazimisha	yanaolazimisha	kinaolazimisha	vinaolazimisha	inaolazimisha	zinaolazimisha	unaolazimisha	kunaolazimisha	panaolazimisha	munaolazimisha
Negative	silazimishi	hatulazimishi	hulazimishi	hamlazimishi	halazimishi	hawalazimishi	haulazimishi	hailazimishi	halilazimishi	hayalazimishi	hakilazimishi	havilazimishi	hailazimishi	hazilazimishi	haulazimishi	hakulazimishi	hapalazimishi	hamulazimishi

Future
Positive	nitalazimisha	tutalazimisha	utalazimisha	mtalazimisha	atalazimisha	watalazimisha	utalazimisha	italazimisha	litalazimisha	yatalazimisha	kitalazimisha	vitalazimisha	italazimisha	zitalazimisha	utalazimisha	kutalazimisha	patalazimisha	mutalazimisha
Relative	nitakaolazimisha	tutakaolazimisha	utakaolazimisha	mtakaolazimisha	atakaolazimisha	watakaolazimisha	utakaolazimisha	itakaolazimisha	litakaolazimisha	yatakaolazimisha	kitakaolazimisha	vitakaolazimisha	itakaolazimisha	zitakaolazimisha	utakaolazimisha	kutakaolazimisha	patakaolazimisha	mutakaolazimisha
Negative	sitalazimisha	hatutalazimisha	hutalazimisha	hamtalazimisha	hatalazimisha	hawatalazimisha	hautalazimisha	haitalazimisha	halitalazimisha	hayatalazimisha	hakitalazimisha	havitalazimisha	haitalazimisha	hazitalazimisha	hautalazimisha	hakutalazimisha	hapatalazimisha	hamutalazimisha

Subjunctive
Positive	nilazimishe	tulazimishe	ulazimishe	mlazimishe	alazimishe	walazimishe	ulazimishe	ilazimishe	lilazimishe	yalazimishe	kilazimishe	vilazimishe	ilazimishe	zilazimishe	ulazimishe	kulazimishe	palazimishe	mulazimishe
Negative	nisilazimishe	tusilazimishe	usilazimishe	msilazimishe	asilazimishe	wasilazimishe	usilazimishe	isilazimishe	lisilazimishe	yasilazimishe	kisilazimishe	visilazimishe	isilazimishe	zisilazimishe	usilazimishe	kusilazimishe	pasilazimishe	musilazimishe

Present Conditional
Positive	ningelazimisha	tungelazimisha	ungelazimisha	mngelazimisha	angelazimisha	wangelazimisha	ungelazimisha	ingelazimisha	lingelazimisha	yangelazimisha	kingelazimisha	vingelazimisha	ingelazimisha	zingelazimisha	ungelazimisha	kungelazimisha	pangelazimisha	mungelazimisha
Negative	nisingelazimisha singelazimisha	tusingelazimisha hatungelazimisha	usingelazimisha hungelazimisha	msingelazimisha hamngelazimisha	asingelazimisha hangelazimisha	wasingelazimisha hawangelazimisha	usingelazimisha haungelazimisha	isingelazimisha haingelazimisha	lisingelazimisha halingelazimisha	yasingelazimisha hayangelazimisha	kisingelazimisha hakingelazimisha	visingelazimisha havingelazimisha	isingelazimisha haingelazimisha	zisingelazimisha hazingelazimisha	usingelazimisha haungelazimisha	kusingelazimisha hakungelazimisha	pasingelazimisha hapangelazimisha	musingelazimisha hamungelazimisha

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalilazimisha	tungalilazimisha	ungalilazimisha	mngalilazimisha	angalilazimisha	wangalilazimisha	ungalilazimisha	ingalilazimisha	lingalilazimisha	yangalilazimisha	kingalilazimisha	vingalilazimisha	ingalilazimisha	zingalilazimisha	ungalilazimisha	kungalilazimisha	pangalilazimisha	mungalilazimisha
Negative	nisingalilazimisha singalilazimisha	tusingalilazimisha hatungalilazimisha	usingalilazimisha hungalilazimisha	msingalilazimisha hamngalilazimisha	asingalilazimisha hangalilazimisha	wasingalilazimisha hawangalilazimisha	usingalilazimisha haungalilazimisha	isingalilazimisha haingalilazimisha	lisingalilazimisha halingalilazimisha	yasingalilazimisha hayangalilazimisha	kisingalilazimisha hakingalilazimisha	visingalilazimisha havingalilazimisha	isingalilazimisha haingalilazimisha	zisingalilazimisha hazingalilazimisha	usingalilazimisha haungalilazimisha	kusingalilazimisha hakungalilazimisha	pasingalilazimisha hapangalilazimisha	musingalilazimisha hamungalilazimisha

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelilazimisha	tungelilazimisha	ungelilazimisha	mngelilazimisha	angelilazimisha	wangelilazimisha	ungelilazimisha	ingelilazimisha	lingelilazimisha	yangelilazimisha	kingelilazimisha	vingelilazimisha	ingelilazimisha	zingelilazimisha	ungelilazimisha	kungelilazimisha	pangelilazimisha	mungelilazimisha

General Relative
Positive	nilazimishao	tulazimishao	ulazimishao	mlazimishao	alazimishao	walazimishao	ulazimishao	ilazimishao	lilazimishao	yalazimishao	kilazimishao	vilazimishao	ilazimishao	zilazimishao	ulazimishao	kulazimishao	palazimishao	mulazimishao
Negative	nisiolazimisha	tusiolazimisha	usiolazimisha	msiolazimisha	asiolazimisha	wasiolazimisha	usiolazimisha	isiolazimisha	lisiolazimisha	yasiolazimisha	kisiolazimisha	visiolazimisha	isiolazimisha	zisiolazimisha	usiolazimisha	kusiolazimisha	pasiolazimisha	musiolazimisha

Gnomic
Positive	nalazimisha	twalazimisha	walazimisha	mwalazimisha	alazimisha	walazimisha	walazimisha	yalazimisha	lalazimisha	yalazimisha	chalazimisha	vyalazimisha	yalazimisha	zalazimisha	walazimisha	kwalazimisha	palazimisha	mwalazimisha

Perfect
Positive	nimelazimisha	tumelazimisha	umelazimisha	mmelazimisha	amelazimisha	wamelazimisha	umelazimisha	imelazimisha	limelazimisha	yamelazimisha	kimelazimisha	vimelazimisha	imelazimisha	zimelazimisha	umelazimisha	kumelazimisha	pamelazimisha	mumelazimisha

"Already"
Positive	nimeshalazimisha	tumeshalazimisha	umeshalazimisha	mmeshalazimisha	ameshalazimisha	wameshalazimisha	umeshalazimisha	imeshalazimisha	limeshalazimisha	yameshalazimisha	kimeshalazimisha	vimeshalazimisha	imeshalazimisha	zimeshalazimisha	umeshalazimisha	kumeshalazimisha	pameshalazimisha	mumeshalazimisha

"Not yet"
Negative	sijalazimisha	hatujalazimisha	hujalazimisha	hamjalazimisha	hajalazimisha	hawajalazimisha	haujalazimisha	haijalazimisha	halijalazimisha	hayajalazimisha	hakijalazimisha	havijalazimisha	haijalazimisha	hazijalazimisha	haujalazimisha	hakujalazimisha	hapajalazimisha	hamujalazimisha

"If/When"
Positive	nikilazimisha	tukilazimisha	ukilazimisha	mkilazimisha	akilazimisha	wakilazimisha	ukilazimisha	ikilazimisha	likilazimisha	yakilazimisha	kikilazimisha	vikilazimisha	ikilazimisha	zikilazimisha	ukilazimisha	kukilazimisha	pakilazimisha	mukilazimisha

"If not"
Negative	nisipolazimisha	tusipolazimisha	usipolazimisha	msipolazimisha	asipolazimisha	wasipolazimisha	usipolazimisha	isipolazimisha	lisipolazimisha	yasipolazimisha	kisipolazimisha	visipolazimisha	isipolazimisha	zisipolazimisha	usipolazimisha	kusipolazimisha	pasipolazimisha	musipolazimisha

Consecutive
Positive	nikalazimisha	tukalazimisha	ukalazimisha	mkalazimisha	akalazimisha	wakalazimisha	ukalazimisha	ikalazimisha	likalazimisha	yakalazimisha	kikalazimisha	vikalazimisha	ikalazimisha	zikalazimisha	ukalazimisha	kukalazimisha	pakalazimisha	mukalazimisha

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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