incruster
French
FWOTD – 12 September 2015
Etymology
From Old French incruster, borrowed from Latin incrustāre, present active infinitive of incrustō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/
Verb
incruster
- to embed, to inlay
- 1873, Jules Verne, Le tour du Monde en 80 Jours
- Cependant Passepartout, juché sur les premières branches d’un arbre, ruminait une idée qui avait d’abord traversé son esprit comme un éclair, et qui finit par s’incruster dans son cerveau.
- Meanwhile Passepartout, who had perched himself on the lower branches of a tree, was resolving an idea which had at first struck him like a flash, and which was now firmly lodged in his brain.
- Cependant Passepartout, juché sur les premières branches d’un arbre, ruminait une idée qui avait d’abord traversé son esprit comme un éclair, et qui finit par s’incruster dans son cerveau.
- 1873, Jules Verne, Le tour du Monde en 80 Jours
- (reflexive, informal) to gatecrash, to stay (for a long time), to overstay
- 2012, Somerset MAUGHAM, Les quatre Hollandais, Robert Laffont →ISBN
- Ça me gênait beaucoup de m'incruster chez vous, j'avais honte d'abuser : mais, à présent, je n'ai plus d'excuse.
- 2012, Somerset MAUGHAM, Les quatre Hollandais, Robert Laffont →ISBN
Conjugation
Conjugation of incruster (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | incrustant /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | incrusté /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | incruster | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | incrustant /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
incrustes /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
incrustons /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɔ̃/ |
incrustez /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/ |
incrustent /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
| imperfect | incrustais /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛ/ |
incrustais /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛ/ |
incrustait /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛ/ |
incrustions /ɛ̃.kʁys.tjɔ̃/ |
incrustiez /ɛ̃.kʁys.tje/ |
incrustaient /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | incrustai /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/ |
incrustas /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta/ |
incrusta /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta/ |
incrustâmes /ɛ̃.kʁys.tam/ |
incrustâtes /ɛ̃.kʁys.tat/ |
incrustèrent /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | incrusterai /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁe/ |
incrusteras /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁa/ |
incrustera /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁa/ |
incrusterons /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɔ̃/ |
incrusterez /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁe/ |
incrusteront /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | incrusterais /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɛ/ |
incrusterais /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɛ/ |
incrusterait /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɛ/ |
incrusterions /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
incrusteriez /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁje/ |
incrusteraient /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
incrustes /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
incrustions /ɛ̃.kʁys.tjɔ̃/ |
incrustiez /ɛ̃.kʁys.tje/ |
incrustent /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
| imperfect2 | incrustasse /ɛ̃.kʁys.tas/ |
incrustasses /ɛ̃.kʁys.tas/ |
incrustât /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta/ |
incrustassions /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
incrustassiez /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta.sje/ |
incrustassent /ɛ̃.kʁys.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/ |
— | incrustons /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɔ̃/ |
incrustez /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “incruster” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-sts, *-stt are modified to z, st. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of incruster (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | incruster | avoir incrusté | |||||
| gerund | en incrustant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | incrustant | ||||||
| past participle | incrusté | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | incrust | incrustes | incruste | incrustons | incrustez | incrustent |
| imperfect | incrustoie, incrusteie, incrustoe, incrusteve | incrustoies, incrusteies, incrustoes, incrusteves | incrustoit, incrusteit, incrustot, incrusteve | incrustiiens, incrustiens | incrustiiez, incrustiez | incrustoient, incrusteient, incrustoent, incrustevent | |
| preterite | incrustai | incrustas | incrusta | incrustames | incrustastes | incrusterent | |
| future | incrusterai | incrusteras | incrustera | incrusterons | incrusteroiz, incrustereiz, incrusterez | incrusteront | |
| conditional | incrusteroie, incrustereie | incrusteroies, incrustereies | incrusteroit, incrustereit | incrusteriiens, incrusteriens | incrusteriiez, incrusteriez | incrusteroient, incrustereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | incrust | incruz | incrust | incrustons | incrustez | incrustent |
| imperfect | incrustasse | incrustasses | incrustast | incrustissons, incrustissiens | incrustissoiz, incrustissez, incrustissiez | incrustassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | incruste | — | incrustons | incrustez | — | ||
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